Organic Semiconductors for Non-Linear Optical Applications

Stănculescu, Anca; Stanculescu, Florin

doi:10.5772/60926

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…The functions of the family can be related to the functions of education, identified by Alina Stănculescu in the study "The role of education in socialization". The first function is: The function of child careinvolves "organized and permanent care from the family, nurseries, homes and other social institutions" (Stanculescu, 2010).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The child is a future member of society with full rights, who must know how to behave in society, to have a moral conduct "Through education, gradually, the child acquires the moral physiognomy of the time, learns to appreciate the deeds of others and his own, in relationship with an axiological system developed by society" (Stanculescu, 2010).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family and Kindergarten - the Partnership for Education

Repciuc

2021

LUMEN Proceedings

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This paper presents both theoretical and practical aspects of the significance of this kindergarten-family partnership with the mission to inform both teachers and parents about the importance of collaboration and to offer some suggestions by which we can make the communication between these two parts. The main objective underlying this paper is to study in detail the partnership between kindergarten and family and to analyze the reasons why this partnership is not fully realized in order to facilitate better communication between these two parties. The paper is structured in 3 chapters as follows: In the first chapter, called "The family environment and its educational value", the paper deals with topics such as: family - a polysematic concept, family functions and educational styles in the family. In these second chapter, called "Kindergarten-family relationship, active and efficient partners in early education", the paper focuses on: the concept of educational partnership, collaboration between family and kindergarten - guarantee of school success, the opportunity of the educational partnership family-kindergarten, implementation of the family-kindergarten partnership and the importance of the kindergarten-family partnership in the formation and development of the personality of the preschool child. In the third chapter, which is the case study, “Comparison between the urban and rural areas, regarding the kindergarten-family partnership problem”, the paper focuses on the level of involvement of parents and teachers in the issue of their involvement in the education of children. I will also analyze the difference between rural and urban areas regarding the problem of partnership and the involvement of parents and educators. The family must always be involved in the education of the child at home and at school. The partnership between family and kindergarten represents a strong collaborative relationship, with the help of which we work in a team to establish the best methods of collaboration and education for the child. The kindergarten helps the child to develop psychically, physically and intellectually, leaving him with a bag of information that will help him in the future. Many may ask this question "What role does the family play in this process?". Well, the family gives the child the seven years at home, which are extremely important. Without the seven years at home, the educator cannot function as well as he or she would like. Without the help and involvement of the family in the relationship with the kindergarten, this process we call Partnership, would not exist. Also, in performing the processing and interpretation of the data from this research, the statistical method was used. After centralizing all the answers, I found the following facts: Parents are selective when it comes to their involvement in different activities within the kindergarten. The parents together with the teachers appreciate the importance of the partnership. In both urban and rural areas, we can say that there is openness and transparency when it comes to this partnership and between parents and teachers do not find communication problems.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family and Kindergarten - the Partnership for Education

Repciuc

2021

LUMEN Proceedings

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“…Organic Semiconductors have accumulated interest in a wide range of electronic applications in the past years. Thanks to their tunability on the molecular level, mechanical flexibility, solution processability, and low-cost fabrication, they possess great potential for new applications. − For example, the molecular tunability allows for the realization of building integrated transparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and the design of biocompatible, flexible organic photodetectors (OPDs) for health monitoring. ,,− Such applications have only become possible since the development of non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules has introduced targeted molecular design strategies that allow control over the band gap, which has led to the development of narrow- and ultra-narrow-band gap organic semiconductors. ,− As a result, the absorption range has been extended or shifted toward the near-infrared (near-IR) region compared to the earlier generation of wide-band gap organic semiconductors that were based on fullerene acceptors, such as [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM), and their derivatives. − Many efforts have been channeled toward understanding and improving the NFA-based active layers of OPVs and photodiodes, ,− resulting in OPVs with remarkable PCEs of up to 18% and OPDs with detectivities of over 10 12 Jones in the near-IR (1010 nm) region. ,,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Expediency of Back Electrode Materials for Organic Near-Infrared Photodiodes

Schopp

Nguyen

Brus

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Organic semiconductor devices, including organic photodetectors (OPDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), have undergone vast improvements, thanks to the development of non-fullerene acceptors. The absorption range of such NFA-based systems is typically shifted toward the near-infrared (near-IR) region compared to early-generation fullerene-based systems, rendering organic semiconductor devices suitable for near-IR sensing applications. While most efforts are concentrated on the photoactive materials, less attention is paid to the impact of the back electrodes on the device performance. Therefore, this work focuses on the optical expediency of gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), and graphite as back electrode materials in organic optoelectronics. This work shows that the "one size fits all" methodology is not a valid approach for choosing the back electrode material. Instead, considering the active layer absorption, the active layer thickness, and the intended application is necessary. A traditional polymer/fullerene-based system, poly(3hexylthiophene) with [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC 60 BM), and a state-of-the-art narrow-band gap nonfullerene-based system, poly [4,8bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b; 4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethy-lhexyl)3fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-(2-6-diyl)] and 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((5,5′-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(4-(( 2ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene)) bis(5,6-difluoro3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hindene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (PCE10:COTIC-4F), are investigated by combining optical transfer matrix modeling simulations with experimentally determined recombination and extraction losses. We find that the narrow-band gap system shows performance gains when employing Au as the back electrode. Furthermore, we show that these performance gains are dependent on active layer thickness, yielding the most significance for thin active layers (<100 nm). Such thin, ultra-narrow-band gap devices are the focus of near-IR sensing applications, highlighting the importance of methodically choosing the back electrode. Lastly, the impact of the back electrode on the OPV device performance is outlined.

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Organic Semiconductors for Non-Linear Optical Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Family and Kindergarten - the Partnership for Education

Family and Kindergarten - the Partnership for Education

Optical Expediency of Back Electrode Materials for Organic Near-Infrared Photodiodes

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