Organic resolution function and effects of platinum nanoparticles on bacteria and organic matter

Abstract

Rapid progress has been made in terms of metal nanoparticles studied in numerous fields. Metal nanoparticles have also been used in medical research, and antibacterial properties and anticancer effects have been reported. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for these effects has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study focused on platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and examined their antibacterial properties and functional potential for decomposing organic matter, considering potential applications in the dental field. PtNPs were allowed to react with dental-related bacteria (Streptococcus mutans; Enterococcus faecalis, caries; Porphyromonas gingivalis, and endodontic and periodontal lesions). Antibacterial properties were evaluated by measuring colony formation. In addition, PtNPs were allowed to react with albumin and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), and the functional potential to decompose organic matter was evaluated. All evaluations were performed in vitro. Colony formation in all bacterial species was completely suppressed by PtNPs at concentrations of >5 ppm. The addition of PtNPs at concentrations of >10 ppm significantly increased fragmentation and decomposition. The addition of PtNPs at concentrations of >125 pico/mL to 1 EU/mL LPS resulted in significant amounts of decomposition and elimination. The results revealed that PtNPs had antibacterial effects against dental-related bacteria and proteolytic potential to decompose proteins and LPS, an inflammatory factor associated with periodontal disease. Therefore, the use and application of PtNPs in periodontal and endodontic treatment is considered promising.

Application of Selected Nanomaterials and Ozone in Modern Clinical Dentistry

“…The antibacterial effect of platinum is based on the ability to decompose bacterial cell structure. The exact mechanism is uncertain and, as for metals in general, probably connected with the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which results in cellular damage via oxidative stress [33]. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have an antimicrobial effect against oral pathogens.…”

“…In the work of Itohiya et al, PtNPs were obtained via direct irradiation of platinum with an infrared pulsed laser and tested on common dental bacteria: S.mutans, E. faecalis and Porphyromonasgingivalis. The range of applied concentrations of PtNPs was 1-20 ppm and the concentrations above 5 ppm completely inhibited the growth of all the tested strains [33]. Platinum nanoparticles were also combined with polymeric PMMA and the antibacterial activity of such a combination was evaluated using S. mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus reference strains.…”

“…Additionally, platinum particles mixed with a 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride (4-META)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) adhesive increase the dentin bond strength twice when compared to the regular material [32]. Contact between Pt particles and bacteria has reportedly led to the decomposition of the latter [33]. Yang et al [34] confirmed that platinum particles are unlikely to cause allergy, have a potential for clinical application and do not cause genotoxic potential.This review is focused on using nanotechnology and ozone in modern dentistry.…”

Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

“…Emmanuel et al reported that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) associated with azithromycin and clarithromycin have a synergistic antimicrobial efficacy against periodontal disease causing microorganisms [ 31 ]. The platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) developed by Itohiya et al have been shown to mediate antibacterial effects caused by S. mutans , Enterococcus faecalis , and Porphyromonas gingivalis [ 32 ]. These microorganisms are associated with dental caries, endodontic lesions, and periodontal diseases.…”

Nanotechnology in Periodontics- Review Article

“…involves three branchesnanorobotics, nanodiagnostics and nanomaterial. [6]. To improve the profile utility of AgNP, it was electrodeposited into nanobers [7].…”