Organic planning: A new approach to public participation in local governance

The Community Voice Method: Using participatory research and filmmaking to foster dialog about changing landscapes

“…In response to these problems, significant theoretical and practical energy has been devoted in the past two decades to developing public participation approaches that are more effective when the "distribution of tangible losses and gains" are at stake, as is typically the case in planning (Beierle, 1999;Campbell, 2005;Lukensmeyer & Brigham, 2002;Plein, Green, & Williams, 1998;Sanoff, 2000;Smith & McDonough, 2001;Susskind & Cruikshank, 1987, p. 17). Susskind and Cruikshank (1987) argued that public participation processes should: (1) provide opportunities for genuine participation, (2) offer opportunities for systemic review, (3) be perceived as legitimate by participants, and (4) be viewed as setting a good precedent.…”

The value chain of citizen relationship management (CzRM): A framework for improvement

“…Plein et al (1998) argue that, the life cycle of citizen participation tends to be short because citizens are more issue-oriented than process oriented. Therefore, the greatest problem in sustaining collaborative planning is maintaining citizen participation.…”

Styles of Rejection in Local Public Argument on Iraq

“…First, participation, of equal and disinterested members of the public, is sought and decried for its lack (Keith 2002;Plein et al 1998;Young 2001). Some critics argue that such participation is not desired by citizens (Hibbing and Theiss-Morse 2002), and others that ''disinterested participation'' is all but oxymoronic (Hauser 1999(Hauser , 2001Mouffe 1999).…”

“…One of the problems with participation noted by researchers is the lack of engaged publics addressing issues of mutual concern (Gastil 1992; Plein et al 1998). Dissent style did little to draw publics to a forum.…”