Organic Molecular Marker from Regional Biomass Burning—Direct Application to Source Apportionment Model

Abstract

<jats:p>To reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) level, the sources of PM2.5 in terms of the composition thereof needs to be identified. In this study, the experimental burning of ten types of biomass that are typically used in Republic of Korea, collected at the regional area were to investigate the indicated organic speciation and the results obtained therefrom were applied to the chemical mass balance (CMB) model for the study area. As a result, the organic molecular markers for the biomass burning were identified as they were varying according to chemical speciation of woods and herbaceous plants and depending upon the hard- and soft characteristics of specimens. Based on the source profile from biomass burning, major sources of PM2.5 in the study area of the present study appeared as sources of biomass burning, the secondary ions, secondary particulate matters, which is including long-distance transport, wherein the three sources occupied most over 84% of entire PM2.5. In regard to the subject area distinguished into residential area and on roads, the portion of the biomass burning appeared higher in residential area than on roads, whereas the generation from vehicles of gasoline engine and burning of meats in restaurants, etc. appeared higher on roads comparing to the residential area.</jats:p>

Prediction of Size Distribution and Mass Concentration of Smoke Particles on Moisture Content and Combustion Period from Para Rubber Wood Burning

“…Comparing the TPMC data between the experimental results and prediction values, the second-degree model had a better fit in predicting than the first-degree model, similar to the MMAD data comparison; this result was confirmed by the higher mean of the coefficient of determination (Figure 9a Besides wood moisture content and drying time, there may be other combustion rate variables that should be considered, such as air flow rate, pressure, atmosphere relative humidity, oxygen concentration in the atmosphere, and others. For example, water vapor, CO2, N2, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are usually the result of a fuel-rich combustion at high temperatures (over 900 °C) [32][33][34]. Conversely, this is different from combustion at low temperatures (under 700 °C), resulting in CO, volatile organic compounds, Besides wood moisture content and drying time, there may be other combustion rate variables that should be considered, such as air flow rate, pressure, atmosphere relative humidity, oxygen concentration in the atmosphere, and others.…”

Smoke Particle, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Benzo[a]pyrene Toxic Equivalence Emitted by Palm Oil Sewage Sludge Bio-Char Combustion

“…The wavelength of the UV detector was 254 nm for each PAH. The external standard solutions were prepared from sixteen PAH mix standards [34]. Qualitative analysis of the PAHs was based on the comparison of the UV spectra and retention time values with reference standards by using the Chemstation program.…”

Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from an Asphalt Mix Plant in a Suburban Residential Area

“…Each filter was extracted individually by four rounds of 30 min sonication in dichloromethane (DCM). Samples were then spiked with 500 µL of 5 ppm internal standard (pyrene-d10 and benz(a)anthracene-d12) and were analyzed in batches, which included laboratory blanks spiked with matrix standards [33,34]. The final volume for each sample was adjusted to 500 µL.…”