Organic mixed-order photonic crystal lasers with ultrasmall footprint

Baumann, Kristian; Stöferle, Thilo; Moll, Nikolaj; Mahrt, Rainer F.; Wahlbrink, T.; Bolten, Jens; Mollenhauer, T.; Moormann, Christian; Scherf, Ullrich

doi:10.1063/1.2801706

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The concept of DFB lasers can also be extended to two‐dimensional systems. This type of periodic structure (where either the thickness or the refractive index is modulated in two dimensions) is referred to as a two‐dimensional photonic crystal structure 102, 103. There is a growing interest in such structures, with square, hexagonal or circular concentric geometries.…”

Section: Laser Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in solid‐state organic lasers

Chénais

Forget

2011

Polymer International

346

280

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Organic solid-state lasers are reviewed, with a special emphasis on works published during the last decade. Referring originally to dyes in solid-state polymeric matrices, organic lasers also include the rich family of organic semiconductors, paced by the rapid development of organic light emitting diodes. Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources are potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. In this review, we describe the basic photophysics of the materials used as gain media in organic lasers with a specific look at the distinctive feature of dyes and semiconductors. We also outline the laser architectures used in state-of-the-art organic lasers and the performances of these devices with regard to output power, lifetime, and beam quality. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments in terms of wavelength coverage, wavelength agility, efficiency and compactness, or towards integrated low-cost sources, with a special focus on the great challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping. Finally, we discuss the very recent demonstration of new kinds of organic lasers based on polaritons or surface plasmons, which open new and very promising routes in the field of organic nanophotonics.

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Section: Laser Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in solid‐state organic lasers

Chénais

Forget

2011

Polymer International

346

280

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“…Distributed feedback (DFB) structures can be written into these gain materials directly using electron-beam or interference lithography; for certain materials even in a rewritable fashion, hence allowing a post-fabrication adjustment of the resonant wavelength 41,61 . Organic lasers based on 2D photonic crystal structures 62 and small dye lasers comprising of 3D inverse opal structures 34 have also been demonstrated. Microfluidic lasers also benefit from photonic crystals; circular gratings and photonic band-gap fibers have been used to reduce laser footprint 37,39 .…”

Section: Small Laser Types and Their Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in small lasers

2014

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In recent years there have been significant advances in the size and characteristics of small lasers, i.e. lasers with dimensions or modes sizes close to or smaller than the wavelength of emitted light. This work has primarily been led by innovative use of new materials and cavity designs. This article reviews some of the latest developments, particularly in metallic and plasmonic lasers, improvements in small dielectric lasers, and the emerging area of small bio-compatible/bioderived lasers. We examine the different approaches employed in small lasers to reduce size and how they lead to significant differences , particularly between metal and dielectric cavity lasers. We present potential applications for the various forms of small lasers and indicate where further developments are required.

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“…A promising alternative approach is to include a thin layer of a material with a high refractive index (e.g., tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), n ¼ 2.07) comprising the required feedback pattern, onto which the organic material is deposited. [9,10] As a consequence, the resonant mode is more tightly confined, the provided feedback becomes more efficient, and thus lasing thresholds are lowered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of a Rib Waveguide Distributed Feedback Structure into a Light‐Emitting Polymer Field‐Effect Transistor

Gwinner¹,

Khodabakhsh²,

Song³

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

106

105

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Ambipolar light‐emitting organic field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) possess the ability to efficiently emit light due to charge recombination in the channel. Since the emission can be made to occur far from the metal electrodes, the LEFET structure has been proposed as a potential architecture for electrically pumped organic lasers. Here, a rib waveguide distributed feedback structure consisting of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) integrated within the channel of a top gate/bottom contact LEFET based on poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) is demonstrated. The emitted light is coupled efficiently into the resonant mode of the DFB waveguide when the recombination zone of the LEFET is placed directly above the waveguide ridge. This architecture provides strong mode confinement in two dimensions. Mode simulations are used to optimize the dielectric thickness and gate electrode material. It is shown that electrode absorption losses within the device can be eliminated and that the lasing threshold for optical pumping of the LEFET structure with all electrodes (4.5 µJ cm−2) is as low as that of reference devices without electrodes. These results enable quantitative judgement of the prospects for realizing an electrically pumped organic laser based on ambipolar LEFETs. The proposed device provides a powerful, low‐loss architecture for integrating high‐performance ambipolar organic semiconductor materials into electrically pumped lasing structures.

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Organic mixed-order photonic crystal lasers with ultrasmall footprint

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Recent advances in solid‐state organic lasers

Recent advances in solid‐state organic lasers

Advances in small lasers

Integration of a Rib Waveguide Distributed Feedback Structure into a Light‐Emitting Polymer Field‐Effect Transistor

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