Abstract:Summary
Phenolic (PAs) and amino acids (AAs) contribute potentially to the stabilization of organic matter (OM) in soil by forming mineral–organic associations (MOAs). However, little is known about how natural OM coating affects the adsorption of these compounds and their mutual interaction upon adsorption. Therefore, batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study how coatings of minerals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) obtained from forest leaf litter (L‐DOM) and from the O horizon (O‐DOM) affect… Show more
“…The mutual interaction among OM classes might be caused by the altered surface properties of MOA induced by adsorbed compounds, and might be also assisted by the flexible nature of adsorbed OM. Gao et al (2017Gao et al ( , 2018. In general, the results indicate an enhanced adsorption of phenolic acids on both pure and OM-coated minerals (values above the 100% lines) after surface conditioning by amino acids (a, c, e).…”
Section: The Role Of Proteinaceous Compounds In Developing Multilayermentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Recent batch adsorption studies conducted by our group revealed that conditioning of mineral surfaces by amino acids generally enhanced the adsorption of phenolic acids on both pure and OM-coated minerals (goethite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite; Gao et al, 2017Gao et al, , 2018 Fig. 3).…”
Section: The Role Of Proteinaceous Compounds In Developing Multilayermentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Theoretical coating thickness for different OC loadings of soils and minerals using a mass density of 1.25 g cm −3 for OM ( Hiemstra et al., ) and assuming different coverage of OM (10, 50, and 100%). The data of OC loadings are from natural soils ( Kahle et al., ), operational loadings of natural DOM ( Gu et al., ; Chorover and Amistadia , ; Kaiser and Guggenberger , ; Feng et al., ; Gao et al., ) or extracellular polymeric substances ( Omoike and Chorover , ; Cao et al., ; Fang et al., ) on soils and minerals, respectively.…”
Section: Tracing the Ambivalence Of The Multilayer Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimental details and original results were given by Gao et al. (, ). In general, the results indicate an enhanced adsorption of phenolic acids on both pure and OM‐coated minerals (values above the 100% lines) after surface conditioning by amino acids (a, c, e).…”
Section: Experimental Evidence Of the Multilayer Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…). The data of OC loadings are from natural soils (Kahle et al, 2002), operational loadings of natural DOM (Gu et al, 1994;Chorover and Amistadia, 2001;Kaiser and Guggenberger, 2003;Feng et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2018) or extracellular polymeric substances (Omoike and Chorover, 2006;Cao et al, 2011;Fang et al, 2012) on soils and minerals, respectively. spatial structure of the OM molecules is assumed to change from a sparse flat to a dense upright orientation with increasing surface loading.…”
Association of organic matter (OM) with minerals is an important pathway in the formation of stable OM in soil. While the importance of mineral-organic associations (MOA) in regulating soil carbon cycling has been rigorously demonstrated by empirical evidence, knowledge about the molecular-scale arrangement of OM at mineral surfaces is still lacking. Such knowledge is urgently needed to disentangle the mechanisms of long-term storage of soil OM. Based on indirect observations regarding the formation, composition, and structure of MOA, a conceptual multilayer model was proposed by Kleber et al. in 2007 to foster debate and help elucidating the structure and reactivity of MOA. According to this model, the associated OM at mineral surfaces is discrete and self-organized into a multilayer structure. In this review, we aim to collect and evaluate existing studies that used this model to explain biogeochemical processes at mineral-organic interfaces, and based on this, assess the applicability of the model. The multilayer model has seen extensive adoption within soil science and related fields. In general, existing studies either support the concept of a patchy distribution of adsorbed OM on mineral surfaces or advocate that OM can be coprecipitated with nanosized poorly crystalline minerals or hydrolysable metals. However, the evidence for the patchy distribution of adsorbed OM cannot support the multilayer model on its own. There is little consensus about the role of N-rich OM in forming the contact zone according to the multilayer model but surface conditioning by different classes of organic compounds appears to be an essential factor for the overall adsorption of OM. Nevertheless, large uncertainty still remains with respect to multilayer-like organization of MOA. By taking advantage of recent developments in surface analytical sciences and computational chemistry, a rigid experimental testing of the multilayer model at the molecular level is still required and awaits to be integrated into improved concepts of MOA formation and OM stabilization.
“…The mutual interaction among OM classes might be caused by the altered surface properties of MOA induced by adsorbed compounds, and might be also assisted by the flexible nature of adsorbed OM. Gao et al (2017Gao et al ( , 2018. In general, the results indicate an enhanced adsorption of phenolic acids on both pure and OM-coated minerals (values above the 100% lines) after surface conditioning by amino acids (a, c, e).…”
Section: The Role Of Proteinaceous Compounds In Developing Multilayermentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Recent batch adsorption studies conducted by our group revealed that conditioning of mineral surfaces by amino acids generally enhanced the adsorption of phenolic acids on both pure and OM-coated minerals (goethite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite; Gao et al, 2017Gao et al, , 2018 Fig. 3).…”
Section: The Role Of Proteinaceous Compounds In Developing Multilayermentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Theoretical coating thickness for different OC loadings of soils and minerals using a mass density of 1.25 g cm −3 for OM ( Hiemstra et al., ) and assuming different coverage of OM (10, 50, and 100%). The data of OC loadings are from natural soils ( Kahle et al., ), operational loadings of natural DOM ( Gu et al., ; Chorover and Amistadia , ; Kaiser and Guggenberger , ; Feng et al., ; Gao et al., ) or extracellular polymeric substances ( Omoike and Chorover , ; Cao et al., ; Fang et al., ) on soils and minerals, respectively.…”
Section: Tracing the Ambivalence Of The Multilayer Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimental details and original results were given by Gao et al. (, ). In general, the results indicate an enhanced adsorption of phenolic acids on both pure and OM‐coated minerals (values above the 100% lines) after surface conditioning by amino acids (a, c, e).…”
Section: Experimental Evidence Of the Multilayer Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…). The data of OC loadings are from natural soils (Kahle et al, 2002), operational loadings of natural DOM (Gu et al, 1994;Chorover and Amistadia, 2001;Kaiser and Guggenberger, 2003;Feng et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2018) or extracellular polymeric substances (Omoike and Chorover, 2006;Cao et al, 2011;Fang et al, 2012) on soils and minerals, respectively. spatial structure of the OM molecules is assumed to change from a sparse flat to a dense upright orientation with increasing surface loading.…”
Association of organic matter (OM) with minerals is an important pathway in the formation of stable OM in soil. While the importance of mineral-organic associations (MOA) in regulating soil carbon cycling has been rigorously demonstrated by empirical evidence, knowledge about the molecular-scale arrangement of OM at mineral surfaces is still lacking. Such knowledge is urgently needed to disentangle the mechanisms of long-term storage of soil OM. Based on indirect observations regarding the formation, composition, and structure of MOA, a conceptual multilayer model was proposed by Kleber et al. in 2007 to foster debate and help elucidating the structure and reactivity of MOA. According to this model, the associated OM at mineral surfaces is discrete and self-organized into a multilayer structure. In this review, we aim to collect and evaluate existing studies that used this model to explain biogeochemical processes at mineral-organic interfaces, and based on this, assess the applicability of the model. The multilayer model has seen extensive adoption within soil science and related fields. In general, existing studies either support the concept of a patchy distribution of adsorbed OM on mineral surfaces or advocate that OM can be coprecipitated with nanosized poorly crystalline minerals or hydrolysable metals. However, the evidence for the patchy distribution of adsorbed OM cannot support the multilayer model on its own. There is little consensus about the role of N-rich OM in forming the contact zone according to the multilayer model but surface conditioning by different classes of organic compounds appears to be an essential factor for the overall adsorption of OM. Nevertheless, large uncertainty still remains with respect to multilayer-like organization of MOA. By taking advantage of recent developments in surface analytical sciences and computational chemistry, a rigid experimental testing of the multilayer model at the molecular level is still required and awaits to be integrated into improved concepts of MOA formation and OM stabilization.
Mounting evidence of recent spectromicroscopic insights have revealed that the distribution of mineral-associated organic matter (OM) at the microscale and nanoscale is organized heterogeneously in patchy and piled-up arrangements of varying thickness.
Spectromicroscopic approaches could show local deterministic features of distinct OMand mineral composition that influence the heterogeneous lateral OM distribution. OM-OM interactions shape vertical and three-dimensional OM structures with potentially multilayered composition. Conceptualizing mineral-associated OM as patchy-distributed and piled-up has critical implications for our understanding of soil ecosystem functions as it defines their functional properties in compartmentalized regions at the microscale and nanoscale. The concentrated storage of OM associated to only a minor part of mineral surfaces implies that carbon sequestration may be decoupled from a direct limitation by the amount of fine mineral particles while sustaining mineral surface functionality in other parts. At the microscale and nanoscale, differences in altered surface properties, compartmentalized microhabitats, and biotic architectures shape a conceptual understanding where OM storage and other soil functions are driven by spatially resolved interactions. This novel conceptual framework warrants experimental approaches to incorporate the patchy and piled-up arrangement of OM and upscale potential effects of its heterogeneous arrangement to systematically understand the effectiveness of soil functions.
Background
Soil organic matter (SOM) supports multiple soil ecosystem functions, underpinned by processes such as C sequestration, N mineralization, aggregation, promotion of plant health and compound retention. We know little about the relationship between these functions and SOM quality.
Scope
We aimed to develop “eco-functionality” as a framework to address questions on the relation between SOM properties and soil ecosystem functions.
Conclusions
Paradigm shifts in SOM research have not led to metrics for eco-functionality beyond decomposability and C:N ratio. Recalcitrant OM is under-researched despite its essential role in aggregation and C sequestration, especially in C-saturated soils. Most soil functions are dependent on SOM decomposition and require labile compounds. We conclude that eco-functionality is context-dependent and needs to take time scales into account. We plea for attempts to link operationally defined SOM fractions to functions in order to make SOM research more applicable.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.