Organic manuring for potato scab control and its relation to soil manganese

Rogers, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1969.tb02834.x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Soybean green manure has been shown to reduce potato scab (26,32), while use of rye has either reduced (25), increased (37), or had no effect (34) on scab severity. Dried grass meal (2 tons/acre (4.5 t/ha)) has also l'analyse de laboratoire, a été un indicateur de l'efficacité de ces de terre, microbes pathogènes du sol, lutte contre les maladies, been shown to reduce scab severity (31). There are few reports in the literature as to the effect of nitrogenous organic amendments on the incidence of potato scab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of potato scab, verticillium wilt, and nematodes by soymeal and meat and bone meal in two Ontario potato fields

Lazarovits

Conn

Potter

1999

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Soymeal (SM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) were incorporated into soil to a depth of 15 cm at a rate of 37 t/ha at two commercial potato (Solatium tuberosum) fields in Ontario in the spring of 1996. The incidence of verticillium wilt and potato scab, the population of plant parasitic nematodes, and the soil chemistry and microbiology were monitored in three subsequent crops of potatoes in 1996-1998. Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia (MS) were buried in the soil immediately after incorporation of the amendments, both in the field and in a concurrent laboratory assay using soil from the field placed in test tubes, and the viability of the MS was determined 4 weeks later. Both treatments reduced the incidence of verticillium wilt, potato scab, and the nematode population to near zero levels in 1996. Reduced disease levels were still evident in the 1997 crop, but by 1998, disease levels were equal to or higher than those in the control treatments. Nematode numbers remained below control levels for the 3 years of this study. Yields were significantly reduced in treated plots in the first year but because tubers were scab free, the marketable yield did not differ from the control plots. In the second year, total yields were higher in treated plots but the increase was significant from the control only with MBM at one site. The overall population of soil bacteria increased 100-fold immediately after the addition of SM and MBM and returned to control levels by the end of the first season. There was an initial elevation of soil pH from 6.0 to 8.5 at both sites and a corresponding increase in ammonia levels 2 weeks after incorporation. Nitrite and nitrate levels were also higher than those of the control treatments after 4 weeks. SM and MBM reduced MS viability by 72-100% of the control treatments at both sites, which was positively correlated with the incidence of verticillium wilt of the crop in the first season (r = 0.9, P < 0.0001). Thus, the V. dahliae MS bioassay, in conjunction with the laboratory assay, predicted the efficacy of these amendments for reducing verticillium will in the field.Résumé : Au printemps de 1996, du tourteau de soja (TS) ainsi que de la farine de viande et d'os (FVO) ont été incorporés au sol a une profondeur de 15 cm et a un taux de 37 t/ha dans deux champs de pommes de terre {Solarium tuberosum) de l'Ontario. Les frequences de la verticilliose et de la gale commune de la pomme de terre, la population de nematodes phytoparasites, ainsi que la chimie et la microbiologie du sol ont été analysées lors de trois cultures subséquentes de pommes de terre de 1996 a 1998. Des microsclérotes du Verticillium dahliae (MS) ont été enfouis dans Ie sol immédiatement après 1'incorporation d'amendements, tant au champ que dans un essai parallèle en laboratoire oü du sol des champs fut place en éprouvette et la viabilité des MS déterminée 4 semaines plus tard. En 1996, les deux traitements ont presque éliminé la verticilliose, la gale commune et la population de nematodes. Cette diminution de la maladie étai...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of potato scab, verticillium wilt, and nematodes by soymeal and meat and bone meal in two Ontario potato fields

Lazarovits

Conn

Potter

1999

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…Pedler, personal communication). It is worth mentioning that decreasing plant available Mn by microbial oxidation in the rhizosphere decreases resistance of plants to other diseases as well (e.g., potato scab, Rogers, 1969; Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus, Elmer, 1995). While the previous studies on take-all decline pointed out the importance of antagonistic microorganisms which produce siderophores and/or antibiotics, the complexity of the phenomenon has eluded complete understanding of underlying causes (Cook et al, 1986;Thomashaw and Weiler, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Decreased capacity of take‐all fungus to oxidize manganous ions is associated with take‐all decline

Rengel

1997

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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The phenomenon of decline of take-all [a disease on wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt)] is poorly understood. In this study, the capacity of Ggt strains, isolated from wheat roots grown in the field plots exhibiting various levels of take-all decline, to oxidize Mn 2+ ions was tested. Growth of all Ggt isolates on agar was increased by an addition of up to 100 mg'L -1 Mn 2+ and was decreased by greater concentrations. The Ggt isolates oxidized Mn 2+ to Mn 3+ and/or Mn 4+ . There was a negative relationship (r=-0.69) between the Mn 2+ oxidation ranking and the extent of take-all decline. A decreased capacity to oxidize Mn 2+ causes a decrease in Ggt virulence and may result in decline in take-all. This mechanism of take-all decline is expected to act additively with other factors.

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“…Manganese oxidisers grown on that medium were surrounded by black deposit of Mn oxide in agar. The medium tbr detecting Mn reduction activity had the following ingredients (in g L-I): 30 sucrose, 5 MnO> 1 yeast extract, and 15 agar (pH 7.2) (Rogers, 1969). Due to low solubility, Mn(IV)-oxide was in suspension and the medium was therelore stirred .just before pouring the plates to ensure black Mn(IV)-oxide particles were uniformly distributed throughout the agar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant genotype, micronutrient fertilization and take-all infection influence bacterial populations in the rhizosphere of wheat

et al. 1996

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The relationship between micronutrient efficiency of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, tolerance to take-all disease (caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx and Olivier vat. tritici Walker), and bacterial populations in the rhizosphere was tested in soil fertilized differentially with Zn and Mn. Plant growth was reduced by Mn or Zn deficiency and also by take-all. There was an inverse relationship between micronutrient efficiency of wheat genotypes when grown in deficient soils and the length of take-all lesions on roots (efficient genotypes had shorter lesions than inefficient ones). In comparison to the rhizosphere of control plants of genotypes Aroona and C8MM receiving sufficient Mn and Zn, the total numbers of bacterial cfu (colony forming units) were greater in the rhizosphere of Zn-efficient genotype Aroona under Zn deficiency and in Mn-efficient genotype C8MM under Mn deficiency. These effects were not observed in other genotypes. Take-all decreased the number of bacterial cfu in the rhizosphere of fully-fertilized plants but not of those subjected to either Mn or Zn deficiency. In contrast, the Zn deficiency treatment acted synergistically with take-all to increase the number of fluorescent pseudomonads in the rhizosphere, Although numbers of Mn-oxidising and Mn-reducing bacteria were generally low, take-all disease increased the number of Mn reducers in the rhizosphere of Mn-efficient genotypes Aroona and C8MM. Under Mn-deficiency conditions, the number of Mn reducers in the rhizosphere increased in Aroona but not in C8MM wheat. The results suggest that bacterial microflora may play a role in the expression of Mn and Zn efficiency and tolerance to take-all in some wheat genotypes.

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Organic manuring for potato scab control and its relation to soil manganese

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Reduction of potato scab, verticillium wilt, and nematodes by soymeal and meat and bone meal in two Ontario potato fields

Reduction of potato scab, verticillium wilt, and nematodes by soymeal and meat and bone meal in two Ontario potato fields

Decreased capacity of take‐all fungus to oxidize manganous ions is associated with take‐all decline

Plant genotype, micronutrient fertilization and take-all infection influence bacterial populations in the rhizosphere of wheat

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