Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polymers as Adsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Solutions: A Review

Abstract

Over the past decades, organic-inorganic hybrid polymers have been applied in different fields, including the adsorption of pollutants from wastewater and solid-state separations. In this review, firstly, these compounds are classified. These compounds are prepared by sol-gel method, self-assembly process (mesopores), assembling of nanobuilding blocks (e.g., layered or core-shell compounds) and as interpenetrating networks and hierarchically structures. Lastly, the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals of these materials, including different kinds of functional groups, selectivity of them for heavy metals, effect of pH and synthesis conditions on adsorption capacity, are studied.

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Poly[vinyltrimethoxysilane-co-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] Based Cross-Linked Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Adsorbent for Copper(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

“…Furthermore, because of the reversible nature of most adsorption processes, the adsorbents can be regenerated using desorption processes. 7 Organic-inorganic hybrid materials have attracted attention in the search for selective adsorbents that are stable and can be applied for the removal of metals from aqueous solutions. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Some of the most important characteristics that can be obtained with this type of material are thermal and mechanical stabilities derived from inorganic bonds, combined to hydrophilicity and selectivity from the organic functional groups.…”

Recent advances and future trends in new materials for sample preparation

“…Samiey et al [46] recently published a review discussing the use of hybrid materials for metals extraction.…”

A novel porous nanocomposite of aminated silica MCM‐41 and nylon‐6: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II)

“…Some epidemiological and clinical studies convincingly prove that cadmium can cause severe testicular necrosis, cancer, gastrointestinal problems, kidney damage, teratogenic effects, and bone damage (the epidemic occurrence of the Itai-Itai disease). 15,16 Considerable and important chemo-physical properties of PMNCs, such as chemically modifiable surface, relatively high external surface areas, high adsorption kinetic, low toxicity, and easy handling in comparison with powder type adsorbent, have made PMNCs as promising potential adsorbents. 6 Also, lung damage has for long been considered to be a major concern for humans chronically exposed to cadmium in tobacco smoke (lung resorbs about 40-60% of cadmium in cigarette smoke).…”