Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Metal Phosphonates as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysts

Abstract

Successful incorporation of a suitable organic moiety in a porous inorganic metal phosphate network can not only make the corresponding organic–inorganic framework more flexible and robust, but it introduces more hydrophobicity at the surface of the resulting nanostructured material, which is highly desirable for their catalytic application in liquid‐phase chemical transformations. Following the success of organic–inorganic hybrid mesoporous silicas, a wide range of analogous hybrid metal phosphonates have been designed. This has opened up a wide diversity of open framework porous nanomaterials, which show excellent catalytic activities in many organic transformations that are not possible with their corresponding inorganic counterparts. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in designing organic–inorganic hybrid porous metal phosphonates in this brief review with a special emphasis on their catalytic potential in liquid‐phase organic transformations.

Photocatalytic Decontamination of Wastewater Containing Organic Dyes by Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Derivatives

“…[106] Furthermore, the pore walls of the MOFs can control the particless ize of nanoparticles, such as those of metals,m etal oxides, and metal salts (Table 3), owing to their pore sizes and large loading capacity for guest species.…”

Acid–Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids Enable High Selectivity in the Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

“…catalysts, thus greatly increasing specific surface areas [42,43], and the catalyst functionalities can be simply tuned by changing the organic ligand or preparation method [44]. In the presented study, a novel and stable inorganic-organic metal phosphonate catalyst (PPOA-Hf) was prepared from phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and hafnium (Hf, in the same group as Zr on the periodic table) chloride using a simple assembly method.…”

“…Organic phosphonates as ligands combined with metal ions can react quickly under liquid-phase conditions to afford corresponding inorganic-organic metal phosphonates with enhanced chemical and thermal stability [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Through the coordination of metal ions with organic phosphoric acid, additional micro-and mesopores are introduced into the resulting catalysts, thus greatly increasing specific surface areas [42,43], and the catalyst functionalities can be simply tuned by changing the organic ligand or preparation method [44]. In the presented study, a novel and stable inorganic-organic metal phosphonate catalyst (PPOA-Hf) was prepared from phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and hafnium (Hf, in the same group as Zr on the periodic table) chloride using a simple assembly method.…”

Acid-Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids-Enabled High Selectivity in Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

“…Organic phosphonates as ligands combined with metal ions can fast take place under liquid-phase conditions to afford corresponding inorganic-organic metal phosphonates with enhanced chemical and thermal stability [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Through the coordination of metal ions with organic phosphoric acid, additional micro-and mesopores are introduced into the resulting catalysts, thus greatly rendering increased specific surface areas [42,43], and the catalyst functionalities can be simply tuned by changing the organic ligand or preparation method [44]. In the present study, a stable inorganic-organic metal phosphonate catalyst (PPOA-Hf) was prepared from phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and hafnium (Hf, in the same group as Zr on the periodic table) chloride by using a simple assembly method.…”