Organic/inorganic hybrid composites prepared by polymerization compounding and controlled free radical polymerization

Kasseh, Abdeslam; Aı̈t-Kadi, A.; Riedl, Bernard; Pierson, J.F.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00905-9

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[310] Along this line, hydroperoxide-activated silica particles were heated in the presence of a nitroxide and butyl acrylate to give polymer brushes with a defined molecular weight. [311] Block copolymers consisting of polystyrene and poly(n-butyl acrylate) were also prepared by this method. In addition to peroxides, diazo compounds can be covalently bound to the surface and used as radical initiators for polymerization.…”

Section: Preparation Of Polymer Brushes By Nmpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxides: Applications in Synthesis and in Polymer Chemistry

2011

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This Review describes the application of nitroxides to synthesis and polymer chemistry. The synthesis and physical properties of nitroxides are discussed first. The largest section focuses on their application as stoichiometric and catalytic oxidants in organic synthesis. The oxidation of alcohols and carbanions, as well as oxidative C-C bond-forming reactions are presented along with other typical oxidative transformations. A section is also dedicated to the extensive use of nitroxides as trapping reagents for C-centered radicals in radical chemistry. Alkoxyamines derived from nitroxides are shown to be highly useful precursors of C-centered radicals in synthesis and also in polymer chemistry. The last section discusses the basics of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and also highlights new developments in the synthesis of complex polymer architectures.

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Section: Preparation Of Polymer Brushes By Nmpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxides: Applications in Synthesis and in Polymer Chemistry

2011

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“…Polymerization compounding, also known as graft polymerization, is a well-known approach in the composite and nanocomposite preparation field. Hence, there are a number of studies concerning this approach (Salehi-Mobarakeh et al, 1997Rovira-Bru et al, 2001;Shi et al, 2001;Kasseh et al, 2003;Roy et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2005;Dubois et al, 2006). Recently, we successfully applied this technique to encapsulate zirconia nanoparticles with a thin layer of polyethylene in the order of a few nanometres (Esmaeili et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the solid hold‐up distribution in a fluidized bed of nanoparticles using radioactive densitometry and fibre optics

2008

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An experimental study was conducted to assess the solid hold-up distribution in a fluidized bed of zirconia and aluminum nanoparticles. For this purpose, two different techniques, radioactive densitometry and fibre optic measurement, were used. The results showed that while the fluidization of these nanoparticles occurs in the agglomeration state, it performs homogeneously in terms of phase concentration. This matter is important especially when a polymerization reaction should take place uniformly on the surface of nanoparticles, where the monomer is the fluidizing gas. Both techniques presented uniform solid hold-up distribution over the cross-section, although the fibre optic method overestimated the overall solid concentration, which was obtained based on bed expansion results. The radioactive densitometry was, however, capable of properly predicting the phase concentration within the bed according to the bed expansion observation. Finally, the effect of bulk density on the fluidization of nanoparticles was discussed by comparing the fluidization of different types of particulate materials.On a mené uneétude expérimentale pourévaluer la distribution de rétention de solide dans un lit fluidisé de nano particules de zircon et d'aluminium.À cette fin, deux techniques différentes, la densimétrie radioactive et la mesure par fibres optiques, ontété utilisées. Les résultats montrent qu'alors que la fluidisation de ces nano particules survientà l'état d'agglomération, elle est relativement performante en termes de concentration de phase. Cet aspect est important, car une réaction de polymérisation devrait se produire uniformémentà la surface des nano particules, le monomèreétant le gaz fluidifiant. Les deux techniques ont mis enévidence une distribution de rétention de solide uniforme dans la section transversale, bien que la méthode par fibres optiques ait surestimé la concentration de solide globale, obtenueà partir des résultats d'expansion du lit. Cependant, la densimétrie radioactive est capable de prédire de manière correcte la concentration de phase dans le lit d'après l'observation de l'expansion de lit. Enfin, l'effet de la masse volumique apparente sur la fluidisation des nano particules est examiné en comparant la fluidisation de différents types de matériaux particulaires.

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“…[310] Entsprechend gelang die Synthese von Polymerbürsten mit definiertem Molekulargewicht mit Hydroperoxid-aktivierten Siliciumdioxidpartikeln sowie einem Nitroxid und Butylacrylat. [311] Auch Blockcopolymere aus Polystyrol-und Poly(n-butylacrylat)-Einheiten wurden so erhalten. Peroxide konnten außerdem zusammen mit Diazoverbindungen kovalent an Oberflächen angeknüpft und als Radikalinitiatoren verwendet werden.…”

Section: Nitroxide In Der Syntheseunclassified

Nitroxide: Anwendungen in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie

2011

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Nitroxide werden in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie verwendet. In diesem Aufsatz werden zunächst Methoden zur Herstellung von Nitroxiden und deren physikalische Eigenschaften besprochen. Der folgende Abschnitt beschreibt die Verwendung von Nitroxiden als stöchiometrische und katalytische Oxidationsmittel in der organischen Synthese. Die Oxidation von Alkoholen und Carbanionen spielt dabei ebenso eine wichtige Rolle wie oxidative C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfungen. Anschließend widmet sich ein Abschnitt der Rolle von Nitroxiden als Abfangreagentien für C‐zentrierte Radikale in der Radikalchemie. Nitroxide, die sich von Alkoxyaminen ableiten, fungieren als nützliche Ausgangsmaterialien für C‐zentrierte Radikale, deren Einsatz in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie beschrieben wird. Der letzte Abschnitt stellt die Grundlagen der Nitroxid‐vermittelten Polymerisation (NMP) vor und zeigt neuere Entwicklungen beim Design komplexer Polymerarchitekturen auf.

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Organic/inorganic hybrid composites prepared by polymerization compounding and controlled free radical polymerization

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Nitroxides: Applications in Synthesis and in Polymer Chemistry

Nitroxides: Applications in Synthesis and in Polymer Chemistry

An evaluation of the solid hold‐up distribution in a fluidized bed of nanoparticles using radioactive densitometry and fibre optics

Nitroxide: Anwendungen in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie

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