Organic geochemistry of submarine canyons: The Portuguese Margin

Kiriakoulakis, Kostas; Blackbird, Sabena; Ingels, Jeroen; Vanreusel, Ann; Wolff, George A.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.010

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The greater hydrodynamic activity in the canyon leads to an increase in organic matter input and increased food quality within the canyon in comparison to less active areas on the open continental slope. Kiriakoulakis et al (2011) found that sediments in canyons on the Portuguese Margin are enriched in organic matter in comparison to slope sediments. Similarly, Rowe (1971) found increased sediment transport within canyons led to enhanced food availability at depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cold-water corals in the Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic Ocean

Morris

Tyler

Masson

et al. 2013

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tThe deep-sea floor occupies about 60% of the surface of the planet and is covered mainly by fine sediments. Most studies of deep-sea benthic fauna therefore have concentrated on soft sediments with little sampling of hard substrata, such as rocky outcrops in submarine canyons. Here we assess the distribution and abundance of cold-water corals within the Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic) using video footage from the ROV Isis. Abundances per 100 m of video transect were calculated and mapped using ArcGIS. The data were separated into five substratum types, 'Sediment', 'Mixed Sediment and Rock', 'Sediment Slope', 'Lophelia reef' and 'Lophelia and rock'. Abundance and community structure were compared. A maximum abundance of 855 coral colonies per 100 m of ROV transect were observed with 31 coral types identified. Highest taxon richness was observed along a 'Lophelia reef' area, although a larger richness of Octocorallia was observed away from the 'Lophelia reef' areas. 'Lophelia reef' and 'Lophelia and rock' areas were found to have a different coral community structure from the other substratum types. We suggest this is the result of Lophelia outcompeting other coral types because there is increased coral taxon richness in areas without Lophelia. We also hypothesise that the hydrodynamic regime within the Whittard Canyon results in differences in organic matter input including higher quality food, in comparison with other deep-water environments, leading to changes in the coral communities.Crown

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cold-water corals in the Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic Ocean

Morris

Tyler

Masson

et al. 2013

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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“…As a crude measure of lability of SOM its molar C/N ratios from various locations in and outside the Whittard Canyon has been investigated by several authors (Duineveld et al, 2001;Huvenne et al, 2011;Ingels et al, 2011;Amaro 2015;de Stigter et al, 2008b). Molar C/N ratios of surface sediments show no consistent differences between canyon and slope sites, nor any consistent trends from the upper canyon and slope to the lower canyon and slope (Fig.…”

Section: C) Recent Sediment Gravity Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More important are small-scale environmental conditions that act on the scale of meiofauna and nematodes, such as those associated with sediment grain size and sediment depth, or the amount and availability of food (Ingels et al, 2013b, Leduc et al, 2012, 2014b. Ingels et al (2011) water depths (Danovaro et al, 2009, Ingels et al, 2011, Gambi and Danovaro, 2016. Different drivers can be invoked to explain these patterns.…”

Section: Faunal Assemblages A) Foraminiferamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Whittard Canyon – A case study of submarine canyon processes

Amaro

Huvenne

Allcock

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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“…These processes act in concert to produce canyon sediments that are usually richer in organic matter (labile or refractory, depending on the active processes) compared to adjacent slope environments, although spatial and temporal changes can cause significant variability. The often high amounts of food (but not necessarily high quality/ availability; see Kiriakoulakis et al 2011) enriches the sedimentary standing stock, and disturbance regimes stimulate recolonisation processes on a regular basis, allowing biodiversity enrichment, at least for meiofauna (Snelgrove and Smith 2002;Ingels et al 2011c;. Whilst much of the literature supports the claim of canyons being meiofauna abundance 'hotspots', many studies also offer the view that meiofauna abundance in canyons can be extremely variable, with meiofauna densities ranging anywhere between 3 and 9457 ind.…”

Section: Metazoan Meiofaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

et al. 2017

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Extreme marine environments cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface and offer many opportunities for investigating the biological responses and adaptations of organisms to stressful life conditions. Extreme marine environments are sometimes associated with ephemeral and unstable ecosystems, but can host abundant, often endemic and welladapted meiofaunal species. In this review, we present an integrated view of the biodiversity, ecology and physiological responses of marine meiofauna inhabiting several extreme marine environments (mangroves, submarine caves, Polar ecosystems, hypersaline areas, hypoxic/anoxic environments, hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, carcasses/sunken woods, deep-sea canyons, deep hypersaline anoxic basins [DHABs] and hadal zones). Foraminiferans, nematodes and copepods are abundant in almost all of these habitats and are dominant in deep-sea ecosystems. The presence and dominance of some other taxa that are normally less common may be typical of certain extreme conditions. Kinorhynchs are particularly well adapted to cold seeps and other environments that experience drastic changes in salinity, rotifers are well represented in polar ecosystems and loriciferans seem to be the only metazoan able to survive multiple stressors in DHABs. As well as natural processes, human activities may generate stressful conditions, including deoxygenation, acidification and rises in temperature. The behaviour and physiology of different meiofaunal taxa, such as some foraminiferans, nematode and copepod species, can provide vital information on how organisms may respond to these challenges and can provide a warning signal of anthropogenic impacts. From an evolutionary perspective, the discovery of new meiofauna taxa from extreme environments very often sheds light on phylogenetic relationships, while understanding how meiofaunal organisms are able to survive or even flourish in these conditions can explain evolutionary pathways. Finally, there are multiple potential economic benefits to be gained from ecological, biological, physiological and evolutionary studies of meiofauna in extreme environments. Despite all the advantages offered by meiofauna studies from extreme environments, there is still an urgent need to foster meiofauna research in terms of composition, ecology, biology and physiology focusing on extreme environments.

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Organic geochemistry of submarine canyons: The Portuguese Margin

Cited by 36 publications

References 66 publications

Distribution of cold-water corals in the Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic Ocean

Distribution of cold-water corals in the Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic Ocean

The Whittard Canyon – A case study of submarine canyon processes

Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

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