Organic Geochemical Characteristics and Depositional Environment of the Soma-Eynez (Manisa) Coals, Western Anatolia, Turkey

Karadirek, Selin; Özçelik, Orhan

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03137

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Organic geochemistry analysis is an important approach to evaluate the petroliferous basin. − The C 27 , C 28 , and C 29 RS contents of rock extracts can be used to analyze the depositional environment of OM. − C 27 RS originates from plankton, whereas C 29 RS typically originates from higher terrestrial plants. , The ternary plot in this study shows that all of the samples are characterized by planktonic and/or bacterial sources (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Hydrocarbon Generation Evaluation, Burial History, and Thermal Maturity of the Lower Triassic–Silurian Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin, East Asia

et al. 2020

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This study focuses on the organic-rich rocks in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin (SYSB) using the CSDP-2 borehole, which was drilled through the integrated Lower Triassic–Silurian sediments and yielded approximately 2736 m of cores. Geochemical analyses of core samples, including Rock-Eval pyrolysis, elemental analysis, maceral analysis, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, revealed multiple sets of effective source rocks developed from the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation to the Lower Silurian Gaojiabian Formation. The organic matter is dominated by types II1–2–III kerogen, most of which are mature to post-mature. Comprehensive geochemical analysis shows that Permian and Lower Carboniferous mudstones are the most important source rocks and have strong hydrocarbon generation capacity. Most of the source rocks are dominated by planktonic/bacterial sources, deposited mainly in a low-salinity marine environment, and influenced by the input of terrigenous detrital materials. Basin modeling results show that most of the Paleozoic–Mesozoic source rocks in the Central Uplift generally entered the oil-generation window during the Triassic to Late Jurassic. The timing of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion was simultaneous or earlier than the collisional orogenic movement between the Sino–Korean Platform and the Lower Yangtze Craton, which may have some destructive impact on the oil and gas preservation. Therefore, it is preservation condition rather than source rocks that may be one of the most important elements for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Central Uplift of the SYSB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Hydrocarbon Generation Evaluation, Burial History, and Thermal Maturity of the Lower Triassic–Silurian Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin, East Asia

et al. 2020

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“…The mean values of OEP and CPI of YLT coal samples are 1.10 and 1.23, respectively (both close to 1), and there is no obvious odd–even carbon predominance, indicating that the organic matter has high maturity. Meanwhile, the values of OEP (0.78–1.25) and CPI (1.13–1.30) were drawn in CPI vs OEP diagram (Figure a), which is placed in the mature level …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic geochemical characteristics of coal are frequently used to evaluate essential information regarding the coal-forming plant communities, depositional environment, and the maturity level of organic matter. − For instance, the yield of extractable organic matter (EOM) from coal is closely related to the coal rank and organic matter maturity, and EOM is the basic experimental data and may reflect the hydrocarbon generation potential . Some common molecular parameters for saturated hydrocarbons, such as the carbon preference index (CPI) and odd–even predominance (OEP), Pr/Ph and Pr/ n -C 17 , Ph/ n -C 18 , many ratios of steranes and terpanes, as well as terpenoid biomarkers, are the potential source of valuable information regarding the plant precursors, redox conditions during peatification, and thermal evolution degree of organic matter. , Similarly, the aromatic molecules containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic compounds can also support the geological information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maceral and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of the Late Permian Coals from Yueliangtian Mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China

Qin

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Compositional characteristics of maceral and extractable organic matter (EOM) of the No. 10 coal from the Yueliangtian mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China, were analyzed by optical microscopy, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The depositional conditions, thermodynamic effect, type and maturity of organic matter, and possible health hazards were evaluated. The random vitrinite reflectance (R o ) is 1.01%, and the macerals are dominated by collodetrinite, inertodetrinite, collotelinite, and fusinite. The coal seam is a terrestrial sedimentary environment of the lower delta plain through the analysis of coal facies. Additionally, the extracted yield of EOM is 1.01%. The low ratio of saturated to aromatic fraction and the distribution of n-alkanes indicate that the coal-forming plants are primarily terrestrial higher plants. Typical isoprenoid biomarker parameters, including pristane/phytane (Pr/ Ph), Pr/n-C 17 , and Ph/n-C 18 , reflect a weak oxidizing environment of coal. The hopanoid biomarkers, odd−even predominance index (OEP), and carbon preference index (CPI) reveal that the organic matter was mature. More than one hundred polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were eluted and identified, and the phenanthrenes and naphthalenes account for a higher proportion. Thermodynamic stabilities play an essential role in the conversion of molecular structures, which support the relatively high contents of 2-methylnaphthalene, 2-and 3-methylphenanthrenes, and 2,6-and 2,7-dimethylphenanthrenes compared to their respective isomers. The oxygen-containing and sulfur-containing aromatic compounds also indicate the weak oxidization of the coal-formation environment, which is consistent with the results of isoprenoid biomarkers. Because of the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of PACs, the distribution and toxic equivalency of PACs are briefly summarized.

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“…The first studies on the Soma-Manisa coal basin were conducted by Brinkmann et al, Nebert, and Cetin on the structural geology and lithostratigraphy of the region. After the identification of three coal seams of Neogene age in the basin, namely, upper (KP1), middle (KM3), and lower (KM2), studies were carried out to determine the composition, distribution, and depositional conditions of the coals by examining mainly the organic petrography and mineralogical and chemical compositions of the coal in different seams. − There is a limited organic geochemical evaluation in the KM2 seam by Yasar and Karadirek and Ozcelik, and in the KP1 and KM3 seams, mainly in the KM2 seam by Oskay et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the identification of three coal seams of Neogene age in the basin, namely, upper (KP1), middle (KM3), and lower (KM2), studies were carried out to determine the composition, distribution, and depositional conditions of the coals by examining mainly the organic petrography and mineralogical and chemical compositions of the coal in different seams. 6−15 There is a limited organic geochemical evaluation in the KM2 seam by Yasar 16 and Karadirek and Ozcelik, 17 and in the KP1 and KM3 seams, mainly in the KM2 seam by Oskay et al 18 Nowadays, it has become important to reassess the vegetation community and paleoenvironmental−paleoclimatic conditions in peatlands through extensive research with biomarker analysis from extractable organic matter (EOM) extracted from coals. 19−25 Since the coal formation process can be influenced by many natural factors, 20 it should be supported by other data in addition to organic geochemical parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironmental Settings of the Soma Coal Basin (Turkey): Insights from Maceral Data, Biomarker, and Carbon Isotopic Composition

Karadirek

2023

ACS Omega

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Organic geochemical (TOC, pyrolysis, biomarker) and petrographic (maceral analysis) investigations together with organic carbon isotope studies were carried out to characterize in detail the depositional environment, determine the organic matter type, and assess the hydrocarbon production potential of three coal seams (KP1-upper, KM3-middle, and KM2-lower) in the Soma (Manisa, Western Anatolia) coal field in Turkey. The total organic carbon value of the upper coal seam ranged between 11.7 and 55.75%, the middle coal seam between 20.12 and 62.86%, and the lower coal seam between 50.03 and 65.71%. Coals in all three seams are characterized by low hydrogen index (HI) values (<151 mg HC/g TOC), low bitumen index (BI) (<19 g HC/g TOC), and quality index (QI) between 23 and 156 mg HC/g TOC. According to Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, the organic matter type of the coals is type III kerogen. Huminite reflectance, Tmax, and biomarker data (22 S /22S+22R (C 32 ) sterane, ββ/(αα + ββ) (C 29 ) sterane, and MPI-1) indicate that the organic matter is not thermally mature and that the Soma-Manisa coal has reached the sub-bituminous rank. Rock-Eval data shows that coal is gas-prone and has not reached the maturity threshold required for initial gas production. The dominant maceral group is huminite while liptinite and inertinite macerals have been found in minor amounts. Groundwater index (GWI), vegetation index (VI), tissue preservation index (TPI), and gelification index (GI) parameters indicate a transition from limnic-limno-telmatic to limno-telmatic-telmatic environment from the upper seam to the lower seam. N -Alkane distributions show that paleoclimatic conditions have changed from KP1 to KM2. The higher abundance of pristane compared to phytane and low C 35 /C 31 –C 35 homohopane index values demonstrate that the coals were deposited in a suboxic–oxic environment. The predominance of n -alkanes with generally high carbon number, relative variable abundances of C 27 –C 28 –C 29 steranes, δ 13 C values, C/N ratios, and very low gammacerane index indicate a terrestrial ecosystem with nonmarine influence, although algae and microorganisms also contributed to the biomass.

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Organic Geochemical Characteristics and Depositional Environment of the Soma-Eynez (Manisa) Coals, Western Anatolia, Turkey

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

Hydrocarbon Generation Evaluation, Burial History, and Thermal Maturity of the Lower Triassic–Silurian Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin, East Asia

Hydrocarbon Generation Evaluation, Burial History, and Thermal Maturity of the Lower Triassic–Silurian Organic-Rich Sedimentary Rocks in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin, East Asia

Maceral and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of the Late Permian Coals from Yueliangtian Mine, Guizhou, Southwestern China

Paleoenvironmental Settings of the Soma Coal Basin (Turkey): Insights from Maceral Data, Biomarker, and Carbon Isotopic Composition

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