Organic Field‐Effect Transistors as Flexible, Tissue‐Equivalent Radiation Dosimeters in Medical Applications

Abstract

Radiation therapy is one of the most prevalent procedures for cancer treatment, but the risks of malignancies induced by peripheral beam in healthy tissues surrounding the target is high. Therefore, being able to accurately measure the exposure dose is a critical aspect of patient care. Here a radiation detector based on an organic field‐effect transistor (RAD‐OFET) is introduced, an in vivo dosimeter that can be placed directly on a patient's skin to validate in real time the dose being delivered and ensure that for nearby regions an acceptable level of low dose is being received. This device reduces the errors faced by current technologies in approximating the dose profile in a patient's body, is sensitive for doses relevant to radiation treatment procedures, and robust when incorporated into conformal large‐area electronics. A model is proposed to describe the operation of RAD‐OFETs, based on the interplay between charge photogeneration and trapping.

Ultrahigh‐Performance Optoelectronic Skin Based on Intrinsically Stretchable Perovskite‐Polymer Heterojunction Transistors

“…Such results suggest that the ISTPTs have great potential for low-dose X-ray medical imaging and therapy applications, such as dental and limb X-ray imaging. [40] As another high-energy photon, the detection of UV photons has also attracted much attention. UV light, consisting of the 400-100 nm wavelength range of light, is the largest culprit of skin wrinkles, aging, sagging, and dark spots.…”

“…Such results suggest that the ISTPTs have great potential for low‐dose X‐ray medical imaging and therapy applications, such as dental and limb X‐ray imaging. [ 40 ]…”

Thermally Stable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Asymmetric BTBT Derivatives for High Performance Solar‐Blind Photodetectors

“…[ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] Among them, organic semiconductors, which possess low cost, mechanical flexibility, controllable molecular structure, and tunable optoelectronic properties, [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] would render potential applications in flexible and wearable photo response electronic devices. [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] Recently, significant improvements have been achieved in high performance organic solar‐blind photodetectors, either by interface engineering or by developing novel device architectures, and so on. [ 15 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]…”

Radiation sensitive MOSFETs irradiated with various positive gate biases

“…The most common name for pMOSFETs used as radiation dosimeters (dosimetric pMOSFETs) is radiation sensitive field-effect transistors (RADFETs). New types of these transistors are being intensively investigated, with the use of new technologies (Abe et al, 2020;Cramer et al, 2018;Jain et al, 2020;Kahraman et al, 2020;Lai et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2016;Tamersit, 2019;Zeidell et al, 2020), as well as the commercial transistors (Carvajal et al, 2017). Very intensive researches are being carried out in order to improve the characteristics of RADFETs, primarily their sensitivity and recovery (Andreev et al, 2020;Aleksandrov, 2015;Biasi et al, 2020;Carbonetto et al, 2020;Dubey et al, 2018;Kulhar et al, 2019;Sampaio et al, 2020;Yilmaz et al, 2017).…”