Organic Explosives and Related Compounds

Rosenblatt, David H.; Burrows, Elizabeth P.; Mitchell, Wayne R.; Parmer, David L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46757-1_4

Cited by 92 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…[7][8][9] The agreement between the calculated values and the measurements is quite good, with differences in the range of 9% up to 60% only. It should be noted that using the vapor pressures that correspond to an evaporation heat of 99 KJ/mol yields sublimation rates in very good agreement with the measured values, whereas using the second group of vapor pressures results in a slightly poorer agreement.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] For TNT diffusion coefficient the reported values show discrepancy of about 30%. [7][8][9] Therefore, for the analysis described below we use an average value of the diffusion coefficients reported in the litrature, 7-9 D ) 5.59 × 10 -6 m 2 /s, and we neglect its slight temperature dependence in the narrow temperature range studied here.…”

Section: Diffusion In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The experimental reports of the TNT diffusion coefficient in air also differ. The variation between the reported values for TNT diffusion in air [7][8][9] spans up to 30%. The theoretical estimations of the diffusion coefficient by several different methods differ by a factor of 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Sublimation Rate of TNT Microcrystals in Air

Gershanik

Zeiri

2010

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Reliable measurements of the sublimation rate of nonuniform layers of trinitrotoluene (TNT) microcrystals were carried out using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The sample layer was prepared by precipitation of TNT from a well-defined volume of its solution in acetonitrile. The TNT solution was placed on the QCM electrode surface to form the precipitated layer of TNT microcrystals. It is shown that the kinetics of small TNT particles sublimation is controlled by the molecular diffusion in air. The sublimation process is well described by simple diffusion expressions that are discussed in the literature for both individual hemisphericalshaped microcrystals and disk-shaped layers. Expressions describing particle size evolution in time were derived based on this diffusion model. It is shown that the expressions developed can be used to simulate particle sublimation in a wide size range, including very small sub-micrometer particles.

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Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Diffusion In Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sublimation Rate of TNT Microcrystals in Air

Gershanik

Zeiri

2010

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…D* for each solute was approximated as the product of the porosity ( = 0.4) and the free liquid diffusivities (D L ) from Rosenblatt et al (1991).…”

Section: Dissolution Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution kinetics of high explosives particles in a saturated sandy soil

Morley

Yamamoto

Speitel

et al. 2006

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Solid phase high explosive (HE) residues from munitions detonation may be a persistent source of soil and groundwater contamination at military training ranges. Saturated soil column tests were conducted to observe the dissolution behavior of individual components (RDX, HMX, and TNT) from two HE formulations (Comp B and C4). HE particles dissolved readily, with higher velocities yielding higher dissolution rates, higher mass transfer coefficients, and lower effluent concentrations. Effluent concentrations were below solubility limits for all components at superficial velocities of 10-50 cm day À1. Under continuous flow at 50 cm day À1 , RDX dissolution rates from Comp B and C4 were 34.6 and 97.6 Ag h À1 cm À2 (based on initial RDX surface area), respectively, significantly lower than previously reported dissolution rates. Cycling between flow and no-flow conditions had a small effect on the dissolution rates and effluent concentrations; however, TNT dissolution from Comp B was enhanced under intermittent-flow conditions. A model that includes advection, dispersion, and film transfer resistance was developed to estimate the steady-state effluent concentrations. D

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“…TNT has been listed as a priority pollutant, a Class C carcinogen, and has adverse effects on humans, plants, and animals (Rosenblatt et al 1991;Smith 1991;Won, DiSalvo, and Ng 1976;Palazzo and Leggett 1986;Simini et al 1995). TNT remediation methods, such as incineration, composting, bioremediation, and photolysis, have been used with mixed success (Bruns-Nagel et al 1998;Dillert et al 1995;Lang et al 1998;Haselhorst 1999;Hawari et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%