Organic emissions from co-combustion of mixed plastics with coal in a bubbling fluidized bed boiler

Frankenhaeuser, Martin; Manninen, Helena; Kojo, Ilkka V.; Ruuskanen, Juhani; Vartiainen, Terttu; Vesterinen, Raili; Virkki, J.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90307-q

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mattila et al (21) investigated the formations of PCDDs/PCDFs when mixed chlorinated or non-chlorinated plastic materials were co-combusted with coal and bark. No correlation between the chlorine level in the fuel and PCDDs/PCDFs formation was found when the chlorine contents in the fuels were 2.7% or lower (28). A considerable increase in the formation of PCDDs/PCDFs was noticed between the experiment with low PVC loaded (0.4% Cl) and high (1.2% Cl).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Wikström

Löfvenius

Rappe

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and chlorobenzenes (PCBzs) in the combustion process was studied where the chlorine level and source were varied in an artificial waste. Different levels of organic chlorine (PVC) and inorganic chlorine (CaCl 2 ‚6H 2 O) were added to the fuel. The flue gas samples were analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs. The following combustion parameters were measured during incineration: temperature in bed, in freeboard, and in cooling convector; air flows; SO 2 , CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , CO, O 2 , and particle concentrations in the flue gas. The results from this study indicate no correlation between the quantities of formed PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs in the combustion process and the level of chlorine in the fuel, when the chlorine level is below 1%. However, when the level of chlorine in the fuel exceeds 1%, an increased formation rate was noted. No distinction in the formation rate of the chlorinated micropollutants was noticed between the two different chlorine sources.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Wikström

Löfvenius

Rappe

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, co-incineration of waste in coal power plants may be the source of the dioxin emission increases up to the known level from waste incineration plant emissions. [117][118][119][120] A perfect example of emissions from energetic boilers of various types in Poland are the data that have been demonstrated recently by Grochowalski and Konieczyń ski 121 , which are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Dioxin Emissions From Power and Heat Generation Sectormentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Typical concentrations PCDD/Fs in flue gases and the emission indicators for energetic boilers of medium-capacity municipal heat and power plants. 118 …”

Section: Methods For Reduction Of Dioxin Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Wielgosiński

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first reports that it is possible to emit dioxins from the heat and power generation sector are from the beginning of the 1980s. Detailed research proved that the emission of dioxins might occur during combustion of hard coal, brown coal, and furnace oil as well as coke-oven gas. The emission of dioxins occurs in wood incineration; wood that is clean and understood as biomass; or, in particular, wood waste (polluted). This paper thoroughly discusses the mechanism of dioxin formation in thermal processes, first and foremost in combustion processes. The parameters influencing the quantity of dioxins formed and the dependence of their quantity on the conditions of combustion are highlighted. Furthermore, the methods of reducing dioxin emissions from combustion processes (primary and secondary) are discussed. The most efficacious methods that may find application in the heat and power generation sector are proposed; this is relevant from the point of view of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention resolutions in Poland with regard to persistent organic pollutants.

show abstract

“…Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/ PCDF) have been expressed as TCDD Eadon equivalents 1.4-44 ng/Nm3 in dry gases (10 % CO2). Some co-combustion tests of RDF, plastics and packaging materials have also been made (2,3). Frankenhaeuser has studied the effect of chlorine/sulphur ratio on formation of PCDD/F compounds in co-combustion of waste fuels with coal and peat in fluidized bed boilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCDD/F Emissions from Co-Combustion of RDF with Peat, Wood Waste, and Coal in FBC Boilers

Huotari¹,

Vesterinen²

1996

Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of refuse derived fuel (RDF) as additional fuel in multifuel fluidized bed boilers (FBC) is a promising way for rational waste management. Several combustion experiments using RDF as additional fuel have been carried out in the research program of combustion and gasification technologies in Finland under the title Liekki 2.The size of fluidized bed combustors used in these experiments ranged from 15 kW* up to 117 MW*. The chlorine content of fuel rose up to 0.35% as a measured dry base (db). The emissions of the toxic PCDD/F compounds were found to follow fuel-Cl content trendwise, as expected. However, quantitatively the relative emission levels varied with the factor of 103 at the same Cl-content in fuel. Using statistical analysis correlations between PCDD/F emissions and combustion conditions (Tg, CO etc.) as well as fuel and ash properties were found.Most ofthe earlier measurements in commercial plants have been conducted usually after an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), which has made it difficult to relate emission results to corresponding combustion conditions. According to the laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor (15 kWn,) using normal (primary and secondary) and staged (primary + secondary + tertiary) combustion air feeding, it was found that in the staged condition (higher vertical temperature profile) the total amount of PCDD/F compounds (gas and particles) decreased, but the amount ofPCDD/F in solid phase increased.

show abstract

Organic emissions from co-combustion of mixed plastics with coal in a bubbling fluidized bed boiler

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

PCDD/F Emissions from Co-Combustion of RDF with Peat, Wood Waste, and Coal in FBC Boilers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About