Organic Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries

Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries

“…Sharing the view that interfacial stability originates from the reactivity, this rule is conceptually related to the selecting tool for the SEI-forming electrolyte components as proposed by Peled et al, despite the fact that the latter was based on a kinetic consideration (exchange current) of the molecule instead of a thermodynamic one (LUMO energy level). Quantum calculations have yielded LUMO energy levels for most of the commonly used electrolyte solvents as well as some of the tested SEI additives, which are compiled in Table . ,,, Apparently, the LUMO levels for all aliphatic cyclic carbonates are virtually identical, whereas structural modifications with an aromatic bond, double bond, or substitution of halogen atoms cause large decreases in the LUMO level . This trend is in good agreement with the experimental findings, since most of the additives that demonstrated promising performances in electrolytes indeed possess one of the active functionalities.…”

“…The search for potential SEI additives in the past decade has been carried out mainly on a trial-and-error basis until, recently, a semiempirical rule was developed to facilitate the screening process, which judges the readiness of a certain compound to be reduced on the anode by the energy level of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). , The basis of this rule is the assumption that a molecule with a lower energy level of its LUMO should be a better electron acceptor and, therefore, more reactive on the negatively charged surface of the anode. Sharing the view that interfacial stability originates from the reactivity, this rule is conceptually related to the selecting tool for the SEI-forming electrolyte components as proposed by Peled et al, despite the fact that the latter was based on a kinetic consideration (exchange current) of the molecule instead of a thermodynamic one (LUMO energy level).…”

Lithium Metal Anode for High-Power and High-Capacity Rechargeable Batteries

“…The highest lithium-ion conductivity of 2.5 × 10 -2 S cm -1 at 25 °C for Li9.45Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3 was reported by Kanno et al [68]. The lithium-ion conductivity was higher than 1.66 × 10 -2 S cm -2 (exhibited by the conventional non-aqueous liquid electrolyte composed of LiPF6 [1 M] in EC-DME [1:1 v/v]) [69]. The solid sulfide lithium-ion conductors are stable when in contact with the lithium metal.…”

Solid State Electrochemistry II: Devices and Techniques

“…195 The (kinetic) stability of such cells is due to the formation of a passivating reaction layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface (SEI, "Solid electrolyte interface"). 196 Immobilization of the liquid electrolytes by polymers such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) 197 is able to improve the mechanical properties.…”