Organic Electrolyte Design for Rechargeable Batteries: From Lithium to Magnesium

Abstract

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered as one of the most viable battery chemistries amongst the "post" lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies owing to their high volumetric capacity and the natural abundance of their key elements. The fundamental properties of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes are of essence to regulate the overall performance of RMBs. In this Review, the basic electrochemistry of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes batteries is discussed and compared to that of the Li-ion conducting electrolytes, and a comprehensive overview of the development of different Mg-ion conducting electrolytes is provided. In addition, the remaining challenges and possible solutions for future research are intensively discussed. The present work is expected to give an impetus to inspire the discovery of key electrolytes and thereby improve the electrochemical performances of RMBs and other related emerging battery technologies.

Magnesiated Nafion-Based Gel Electrolytes: Structural and Electrochemical Characterization

“…The t + of 0.40 for the Nafion-Mg-0.5 M gel was comparable to the values reported for the Mg(TFSA) 2 electrolytes; the reported t + values of Mg(TFSA) 2 /diglyme (G2) solutions are 0.04−0.30, and the values decrease with increasing salt concentration. 28,29 At the 0.5 M Mg(TFSA) 2 / G2 solution, the t + of Mg 2+ is ∼0.15, 28 which is substantially lower than that of our gel swollen in 0.5 M Mg(TFSA) 2 /G3. For the Nafion electrolyte gels, the formation of−SO 3…”

“…In this study, we prepared magnesiated perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion-Mg)-based gel electrolytes swollen in electrolyte solutions and investigated their structures and properties, including Mg 2+ conductivity and reversible Mg deposition/dissolution behavior. We used magnesium bis­(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)­amide/triglyme (Mg­(TFSA) 2 /G3) solution, which is a commonly used electrolyte solution for RMBs because of the reversible Mg deposition/dissolution reactions without corrosion. − …”

From lithium to emerging mono- and multivalent-cation-based rechargeable batteries: non-aqueous organic electrolyte and interphase perspectives

“…, stainless steel). 219 Recently, a chlorine-free electrolyte comprised of a non-nucleophilic magnesium bis(diisopropyl)amide and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP 14 TFSI) showed a considerably reversible capability with a selenium cathode. 220…”

“…It has been reported that chloride species are of great significance in dictating the electrochemical performance of IL electrolyte -based magnesium batteries; however, these halogen species are corrosive to commonly used cell components (e.g., stainless steel). 219 Recently, a chlorine-free electrolyte comprised of a non-nucleophilic magnesium bis(diisopropyl) amide and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP 14 TFSI) showed a considerably reversible capability with a selenium cathode. 220 Dai et al 221 proposed a cost-effective analog of conventional ILs (i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate), i.e., a mixture of AlCl 3 and urea (1.3 : 1, by mol).…”

Comparative Studies on [B(HFIP)4]-Based Electrolytes with Mono- and Divalent Cations

“…Rechargeable batteries that incorporate bulk metals as the negative electrode active material are promising energy storage technologies for responding to these demands. The replacement of graphite in conventional lithium-ion batteries with bulk metals as negative electrodes can considerably enhance the energy densities of batteries owing to the substantially large volumetric and gravimetric capacities of bulk metals. , Significant research efforts have been made to achieve high-energy-density rechargeable batteries with metallic negative electrodes, and many potential techniques along the fundamental/mechanistic understanding have been developed; − however, the development of suitable electrolyte materials remains a bottleneck.…”