Organic electrochromism for a new color electronic paper

Kobayashi, Norihisa; Miura, Shohei; Nishimura, Mami; Urano, Hikaru

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2007.02.027

Cited by 168 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We envision that the first two problems could be solved by the reversible 'electrobase/acid' that we explored in situ with some pH-sensitive leuco dyes; 26,28 the last problem can be technically overcome using laminated cells. 24,25 Based on our previous study, 26,27 we discovered that some methyl ketone molecules exhibit basochromic properties, which can be easily switched by electrochemically generated base/acid (electrobase/acid) and show a distinct color change, acceptable stability and reversibility. A significant change in molecular polarity was also observed during the switching.…”

Section: Design and Synthesis Of The Switchable Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our multi-electrode approach is conceptually different from the traditional multi-electrode technology for creating variable colors with various molecules. 24,25 We can generate multiple color from the same molecule by simply tuning its microenvironment. With this method, we were able to achieve variable colors, including magenta, green and blue, with a fast switching time (50 ms), high coloration efficiency and good reversibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A single-molecule multicolor electrochromic device generated through medium engineering

et al. 2015

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Multicolor organic electrochromic materials are important for the generation of full-color devices. However, achieving multiple colors using a single-molecule material has proved challenging. In this study, a multicolor electrochromic prototype device is generated by integrating medium engineering/in situ 'electro base'/laminated electrode technologies with the simple flying fish-shaped methyl ketone TM1. This multicolor electrochromic (green, blue and magenta) device is durable and has a high coloration efficiency (350 cm 2 C 21 ), a fast switching time (50 ms) and superior reversibility. This study is a successful attempt to integrate solvatochromism and basochromism in an electronic display. This integration not only introduces a new avenue for color tuning, in addition to the structural design of the colorant, but will also inspire further developments in the tuning of many other properties by this medium engineering approach, such as conductance and the redox property, and thereby accelerate versatile applications in data recording, ultrathin flexible displays, and optical communication and sensing. Keywords: electrochromic materials; laminated electrodes; microenvironment; multicolor devices; solvatochromic materials INTRODUCTION Owing to the increasing demand for low-power, ultrathin, flexible electronic displays, organic electrochromic materials 1-3 have become a research focus because of their distinct merits: low weight, high contrast, wide viewing angle, flexibility and the potential for low power consumption. Because the realization of a multicolor switch is preferred in the majority of their applications in displays, 4-10 various electrochromic materials including polymers, 11,12 small organic molecules 13,14 and metal-organic complexes, 15 and technologies aimed at multicolor switches have been intensively explored. Transition metals based on metal-organic complex multicolor electrochromic materials exhibit attractive properties, such as high stability and chemiluminescence. 16 However, the expense and scarcity of the precious metals, such as ruthenium, 15,16 osmium 17 and iridium, 18 limit their practical applications. Polymeric multicolor electrochromic materials with different electrochromic activation units [19][20][21] possess the advantages of easy processing, diverse resources and facile color tunability. However, some intrinsic problems, such as the lack of colorless states, poor transparency, poor color purity and complicated synthesis procedures, hinder their applications. Compared with electrochromic polymers, small organic color switches possess the advantages of low cost, good color purity, distinct transition from colorless to colored states and fine tunability of their photoelectronic properties via easy structure modifications. The lack of multicolor abilities is their intrinsic

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Section: Design and Synthesis Of The Switchable Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-molecule multicolor electrochromic device generated through medium engineering

et al. 2015

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“…2,5,6 For example, viologenbased polymers such as poly(alkyl viologen)s have been reported for their EC properties, due to their brilliant color changes between violet and transparent states. 7 The viologen polymers are dialkylene salts of bipyridinium units, and they are usually insoluble in organic solvents but soluble in water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Totally Organic Polymer-Based Electrochromic Cell Using TEMPO-Substituted Polynorbornene as a Counter Electrode-Active Material

Takahashi

Hayashi

Oyaizu

et al. 2008

Polym J

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An electrochromic (EC) cell using a viologen-based polymer as an EC material and a radical polymer bearing a redox-active 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl (TEMPO) group per repeating unit as a counter electroactive material was fabricated. The radical polymer was spin-coated on an ITO/glass electrode as the counter electrode of the EC cell. The electrochromic material of the cell was a polyion complex consisted of poly(decyl viologen) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PV10-PSS), which was also spin-coated on the ITO/glass. An ion-conducting polymer gel solution was sandwiched between the two electrodes. Electrochemical switching of the cell was monitored using the visible absorption of the PV10-PSS complex ( max ¼ 550 nm) that appeared in the reduced state, while the radical polymer was transparent in the visible region in both redox states. PV10-PSS and the radical polymer were concurrently reduced and oxidized, respectively, on each electrode during the charging process, which corresponded to the coloration of the cell. The decoloration of the polyion complex was effected by a discharging process under short circuit conditions. The electrochromic behavior of the cell was characterized by a remarkably low driving voltage, as a result of a small potential gap between PV10-PSS and the radical polymer. The use of the organic redox polymers, not only for the low energy-driven electrochromic switching but also for the charge-storage purposes, allowed a universal design of a battery-like display device, with possible application to a flexible and totally organic electrochromic cell.KEY WORDS: Electrochromism / Organic Redox Polymer / Radical Polymer / Battery / The electrochromism of organic and inorganic molecules have attracted much attention, with a view to apply them to windows and glasses.1 Electrochromic (EC) cells exhibit color changes, by applying specific driving voltages to cause the redox reaction of the EC materials attached to the surface of the transparent electrodes. However, there are some problems that must be overcome before consideration of practical use, such as the improvement of switching speed and cycle stability. The previously reported EC cells for display applications have mostly relied on using inorganic EC materials, such as prussian blue and WO 3 .1,2 A number of efforts to improve the stability and the life of the EC cells have been made, by incorporating redox-active materials to the counter electrode, expecting a battery-like charge-storage configuration.3 Typical examples include the use of Fe 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -containing graphite as the counter electrode for the WO 3 -based EC cells, 4 and the incorporation of anti-polarization agents such as metal oxides (i.e., MnO x , VO x , and WO x ) to prevent side reactions (e.g., hydrogen gas generation) on cathodes.Organic polymers have also been studied as EC materials which are almost free from the side reactions, by virtue of the relatively low driving voltages. 2,5,6 For example, viologenbased polymers such as poly(alkyl viologen)s have been rep...

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“…focused on the electrochemical reactions that can lead to EC for reflective display [9,[19][20][21][22][23] a n d E C L f o r e m i s s i v e d i s p l a y.…”

Section: Novel Dmd Cell Based On Ec and Ecl I N O R D E R T O A C H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Materials for Novel Light Emitting Device and Dual Mode Display

Nobeshima

Nakamura

Kobayashi

2013

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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This paper aims to fabricate novel electronic paper technology with electrochemical reaction. Particularly, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is promising phenomenon for fabrication of a unique light emitting device. We also demonstrated a novel display device with dual reflective and emissive modes by combining both electrochromic (EC) and ECL materials in a single cell. The device functions as an EC cell in the reflective mode, and as an ECL cell in the emissive mode.

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Organic electrochromism for a new color electronic paper

Cited by 168 publications

References 5 publications

A single-molecule multicolor electrochromic device generated through medium engineering

A single-molecule multicolor electrochromic device generated through medium engineering

Totally Organic Polymer-Based Electrochromic Cell Using TEMPO-Substituted Polynorbornene as a Counter Electrode-Active Material

Electrochemical Materials for Novel Light Emitting Device and Dual Mode Display

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