Organic contaminants in the aquatic environment I. Sources and occurrence

Bedding, N.D.; McIntyre, A.E.; Perry, R.; Lester, J.N.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(82)90083-3

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Examples of non-point-source pollution include agricultural runoff (pesticides, pathogens, and fertilizers), storm-water and urban runoff, and atmospheric deposition (wet and dry deposition of persistent organic pollutants) (Bedding et al, 1982;Ritter et al, 2002). About 70% of land area in the UK is used for agricultural purposes and about 6% is urban.…”

Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

664

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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Section: Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

664

284

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These effects, particularly those associated with endocrine disruption (Sumpter, 2009), have received much attention in the last decade. Endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment was first reported by Dodds et al (1938) and the impact of organic micropollutants and heavy metals have been known for number of years (Bedding et al 1982;Lester et al 1980) and have been the subject of legislation for an extensive period in the UK (Bedding et al 1983;Lester, 1983). However, there has been a need within the EU to update and harmonize existing legislation (EC, 2000(EC, , 2008(EC, , 2012 including regulations to control of the introduction of more recently recognized hazardous chemicals (Behera et al 2009;Gabriel et al 2012;González et al 2012;Martínez Bueno et al 2012;Martin Ruel et al 2012;Rodil et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further tranche of more than 20 standards for chemicals designated as 'specific pollutants' under Annex VIII of the WFD is under consultation at the UK national level. The wide range of chemicals involved (Bedding et al 1982;Gonzalez et al 2012;Kolpin et al 2002) and the analytical difficulty of working at ng/L levels (Buisson et al, 1984) in a complex matrix such as wastewater (Robertson and Lester, 1994) make this a challenging proposition. In order to address this, the UK water industry has initiated an ambitious programme of investigations the Chemicals Investigation Programme (CIP) which is coordinated by the UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR) organisation as part of the UK National Environment Programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of hazardous chemicals in wastewater treatment works effluents

Gardner

Comber

Scrimshaw

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

124

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The advent of increasingly stringent and wider ranging European Union legislation relating to water and the environment has required regulators to assess compliance risk and to respond by formulating appropriate pollution control measures. To support this process the UK Water Industry has completed a national Chemicals Investigation Programme (CIP), to monitor over 160 wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) for 70 determinands. Final effluent concentrations of zinc, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene), "penta" congeners (BDEs) 47 and 99, tributyltin, triclosan, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, ibuprofen, propranolol, fluoxetine, diclofenac, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinyl estradiol exceeded existing or proposed Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) in over 50% of WwTWs. Dilution by receiving water might ensure compliance with EQSs for these chemicals, apart from the BDEs. However, in some cases there will be insufficient dilution to ensure compliance and additional management options may be required.

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“…Numerous organic micropollutants are present in crude sewage and these have been the cause of concern for many years [1]. Recently those organic micropollutants with endocrine disrupting ability have been the subject of major research investigations [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of anaerobic digestion in removing estrogens and nonylphenol ethoxylates

Paterakis

Chiu

Koh

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The fate and behaviour of two groups of endocrine disrupting chemicals, steroid estrogens and nonylphenol ethoxylates, have been evaluated during the anaerobic digestion of primary and mixed sewage sludge under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Digestion occurred over six retention times, in laboratory scale reactors, treating sludges collected from a sewage treatment works in the United Kingdom. It has been established that sludge concentrations of both groups of compounds demonstrated temporal variations and that concentrations in mixed sludge were influenced by the presence of waste activated sludge as a result of transformations during aerobic treatment. The biodegradation of total steroid estrogens was>50% during primary sludge digestion with lower removals observed for mixed sludge, which reflected bulk organic solids removal efficiencies. The removal of nonylphenol ethoxylates was greater in mixed sludge digestion (>58%) compared with primary sludge digestion and did not reflect bulk organic removal efficiencies. It is apparent that anaerobic digestion reduces the concentrations of these compounds, and would therefore be expected to confer a degree of protection against exposure and transfer of both groups of compounds to the receiving/re-use environment.

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Organic contaminants in the aquatic environment I. Sources and occurrence

Cited by 81 publications

References 52 publications

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

The significance of hazardous chemicals in wastewater treatment works effluents

The effectiveness of anaerobic digestion in removing estrogens and nonylphenol ethoxylates

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