Organic Contaminants in Marine Mammals

Loseto, Lisa L.; Ross, Peter S.

doi:10.1201/b10598-10

Cited by 32 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…The model evaluation exercise indicates that mechanistic bioaccumulation modeling approaches developed for neutral chemicals can successfully be adapted to IOCs and hence developed further. Application of the proposed model to characterize the bioaccumulation behavior of pharmaceuticals of concern in aquatic environments [7,8] is a priority. In addition, multicompartment (physiologically based pharmacokinetic) models including different lipid and protein classes (e.g., plasma proteins vs tissue proteins) could be applied to better characterize the uptake and tissue distribution of IOCs in wildlife.…”

Section: Research Prioritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are among the most widely known group of ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) due to public health concerns and the research effort dedicated to understanding the fate, transport, and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds over the past decade [4][5][6]. Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals has also become an increasingly important issue from both a research and a regulatory perspective [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and evaluation of a mechanistic bioconcentration model for ionogenic organic chemicals in fish

Armitage

Arnot

Wania

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

153

240

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Abstract-A mechanistic mass balance bioconcentration model is developed and parameterized for ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) in fish and evaluated against a compilation of empirical bioconcentration factors (BCFs). The model is subsequently applied to a set of perfluoroalkyl acids. Key aspects of model development include revised methods to estimate the chemical absorption efficiency of IOCs at the respiratory surface (E W ) and the use of distribution ratios to characterize the overall sorption capacity of the organism. Membranewater distribution ratios (D MW ) are used to characterize sorption to phospholipids instead of only considering the octanol-water distribution ratio (D OW ). Modeled BCFs are well correlated with the observations (e.g., r 2 ¼ 0.68 and 0.75 for organic acids and bases, respectively) and accurate to within a factor of three on average. Model prediction errors appear to be largely the result of uncertainties in the biotransformation rate constant (k M ) estimates and the generic approaches for estimating sorption capacity (e.g., D MW ). Model performance for the set of perfluoroalkyl acids considered is highly dependent on the input parameters describing hydrophobicity (i.e., log K OW of the neutral form). The model applications broadly support the hypothesis that phospholipids contribute substantially to the sorption capacity of fish, particularly for compounds that exhibit a high degree of ionization at biologically relevant pH. Additional empirical data on biotransformation and sorption to phospholipids and subsequent incorporation into property estimation approaches (e.g., k M , D MW ) are priorities with respect to improving model performance. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:115-128. # 2012 SETAC

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Section: Research Prioritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a mechanistic bioconcentration model for ionogenic organic chemicals in fish

Armitage

Arnot

Wania

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

153

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Overall, these studies conclude that, based on current knowledge, the presence of trace levels of pharmaceuticals poses negligible or only minor risks to humans. Exposure of aquatic organisms also is well established [31] and extends into coastal waters, as illustrated by reports on the antibacterial chemical triclosan, that was measured in blood plasma of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopstruncatus) (0.025-0.11 ng/g wet weight), and in estuarine surface water samples (4.9-14 ng/L) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals in the Built and Natural Water Environment of the United States

Deo

Halden

2013

Water

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Abstract:The known occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the built and natural water environment, including in drinking water supplies, continues to raise concerns over inadvertent exposures and associated potential health risks in humans and aquatic organisms. At the same time, the number and concentrations of new and existing pharmaceuticals in the water environment are destined to increase further in the future as a result of increased consumption of pharmaceuticals by a growing and aging population and ongoing measures to decrease per-capita water consumption. This review examines the occurrence and movement of pharmaceuticals in the built and natural water environment, with special emphasis on contamination of the drinking water supply, and opportunities for sustainable pollution control. We surveyed peer-reviewed publications dealing with quantitative measurements of pharmaceuticals in U.S. drinking water, surface water, groundwater, raw and treated wastewater as well as municipal biosolids. Pharmaceuticals have been observed to reenter the built water environment contained in raw drinking water, and they remain detectable in finished drinking water at concentrations in the ng/L to μg/L range.

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“…Some APIs are bioconcentrated in the tissues of fin-and shellfish [6]. Humans can then be exposed to these residues via their diet.…”

Section: The Afterlives Of Drugs: Pharmecovigilance and Sustainable Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Green pharmacy and pharmEcovigilance: prescribing and the planet

Daughton

Ruhoy

2011

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, resulting primarily from excretion and bathing and from disposal of leftover drugs by consumers and healthcare facilities. Although prudent disposal of leftover drugs has attracted the most attention for reducing API levels in the aquatic environment, a more effective approach would prevent the generation of leftover drugs in the first place. Many aspects of the practice of medicine and pharmacy can be targeted for reducing environmental contamination by APIs. These same modifications -focused on treating humans and the environment as a single, integral patient -could also have collateral outcomes with improved therapeutic outcomes, and with a reduced incidence of unintended poisonings, drug interactions and drug diversion, and lower consumer costs.

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Organic Contaminants in Marine Mammals

Cited by 32 publications

References 141 publications

Development and evaluation of a mechanistic bioconcentration model for ionogenic organic chemicals in fish

Development and evaluation of a mechanistic bioconcentration model for ionogenic organic chemicals in fish

Pharmaceuticals in the Built and Natural Water Environment of the United States

Green pharmacy and pharmEcovigilance: prescribing and the planet

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