Organic compounds produced by the aqueous free-chlorine-activated carbon reaction

Snoeyink, Vernon L.; Clark, Robert; McCreary, John J.; McHie, William F.

doi:10.1021/es00084a002

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is possible to remove certain volatile impurities from carbon by baking it at a temperature of 175'C for one week. 22 Storage. The GAC should be stored in airtight containers and exposed to the air as little as possible to minimize the adsorption of volatile organic compounds, especially in the laboratory environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating GAC adsorptive capacity

Randtke¹,

Snoeyink²

1983

Journal AWWA

Self Cite

141

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Potential sources of error in evaluating the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) are identified and discussed, with special attention given to carbon sampling and preparation, preparation of test solutions, and selection of GAC dosages, adsorbate concentration, and equilibration time. Adsorptive capacity can vary with particle size, but data are presented to show that this may not always occur. Heterogeneous solutions require careful selection of GAC dosages and adsorbate concentration, and the data for such solutions require careful interpretation. Model simulations are used to illustrate the importance of closely approaching equilibrium and to estimate the time required to approach equilibrium under various conditions. For large GAC particles and slowly diffusing adsorbates, several years may be required to reach equilibrium. Failure to reach equilibrium can result in a significant underestimation of adsorptive capacity. Pulverizing GAC greatly reduces the time required to reach equilibrium, thus reducing the possibility of biodegradation of the adsorbate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating GAC adsorptive capacity

Randtke¹,

Snoeyink²

1983

Journal AWWA

Self Cite

141

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“…However, Cl 2 in the influent of GAC filters can lead to a structural deterioration of the GAC 55 . Additionally, Cl 2 reacts with the GAC and different adsorbed organics, e.g., phenolic compounds and anilines, to form chlorinated organics not formed in the liquid phase 95 – 98 . The ability to decompose oxidant residuals might be part of the reason why GAC has been thought to significantly enhance biofiltration.…”

Section: Biological Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 Addition ally, Cl 2 reacts with th e GAC an d differen t adsorbed organ ics, e.g., ph en olic com pou n ds an d an ilin es, to form ch lorin ated organ ics n ot form ed in th e liqu id ph ase. [95][96][97][98] Th e ability to decom pose oxidan t residu als m igh t be part of th e reason wh y GAC h as been th ou gh t to sign ifican tly en h an ce biofiltration .…”

Section: Researchers Should Document the Point In The Filter Cycle Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological filtration for BOM and particle removal: a critical review

Urfer¹,

Huck²,

Booth³

et al. 1997

Journal AWWA

141

115

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The authors review key parameters and engineering variables influencing biological filtration and identify areas requiring further research. Biological filtration, an important process step for the production of microbially safe and aesthetically pleasing drinking water, has attracted increased attention within the water industry. In many cases, the most economical way to implement biological rapid filtration is to achieve biodegradable organic matter (BOM) removal and particle removal within the same filter unit, i.e., single‐stage biological filtration. This requires optimization of the filtration process, keeping in mind both treatment goals: BOM and particle removal. This article presents a critical review of the key parameters and engineering variables influencing the biological performance, as well as the conventional performance, of biologically active filters. Several areas requiring further research have been identified.

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“…Chlorination treatment processes are also influenced by activated carbon since the activated carbon serves as a redox surface that can reduce chlorine to chloride (Collivignarelli, et al, 2006;Dixon and Lee, 1991;Gonce and Voudrias, 1994;Hassler, 1967;Snoeyink et al, 1981;Hwang et al, 1989). Hassler, 1967 andMartin andShackleton (1990) observed that activated carbon can dechlorinate water through a combination of adsorption and catalysis processes.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of Perchlorate in Drinking Water

Lutes¹,

Henderson²,

Liles³

et al. 2010

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Organic compounds produced by the aqueous free-chlorine-activated carbon reaction

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluating GAC adsorptive capacity

Evaluating GAC adsorptive capacity

Biological filtration for BOM and particle removal: a critical review

Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Treatment of Perchlorate in Drinking Water

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