Organic compound alteration during hypervelocity collection of carbonaceous materials in aerogel

Spencer, Maegan K.; Clemett, S. J.; Sandford, Scott A.; McKay, D. S.; Zare, Richard N.

doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb00714.x

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the observation of surviving, labile, cometary organic matter associated with the more refractory material suggests that the actual temperature experienced during capture was much lower, approaching the low temperatures observed in experimental test shots into nonflight aerogel (Burchell et al. 2006; Spencer et al. 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Correlated microanalysis of cometary organic grains returned by Stardust

Gregorio

Stroud

Cody

et al. 2011

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-Carbonaceous matter in Stardust samples returned from comet 81P ⁄ Wild 2 is observed to contain a wide variety of organic functional chemistry. However, some of this chemical variety may be due to contamination or alteration during particle capture in aerogel. We investigated six carbonaceous Stardust samples that had been previously analyzed and six new samples from Stardust Track 80 using correlated transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). TEM revealed that samples from Track 35 containing abundant aliphatic XANES signatures were predominantly composed of cometary organic matter infilling densified silica aerogel. Aliphatic organic matter from Track 16 was also observed to be soluble in the epoxy embedding medium. The nitrogen-rich samples in this study (from Track 22 and Track 80) both contained metal oxide nanoparticles, and are likely contaminants. Only two types of cometary organic matter appear to be relatively unaltered during particle capture. These are (1) polyaromatic carbonyl-containing organic matter, similar to that observed in insoluble organic matter (IOM) from primitive meteorites, interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), and in other carbonaceous Stardust samples, and (2) highly aromatic refractory organic matter, which primarily constitutes nanoglobule-like features. Anomalous isotopic compositions in some of these samples also confirm their cometary heritage. There also appears to be a significant labile aliphatic component of Wild 2 organic matter, but this material could not be clearly distinguished from carbonaceous contaminants known to be present in the Stardust aerogel collector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Cometary aggregate particles may enhance this effect by combining materials with varied thermal conductivity. The bulk of several different carbonaceous samples was unaltered during light‐gas gun shots of 50 μm particles into silica aerogel (Spencer et al. 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated microanalysis of cometary organic grains returned by Stardust

Gregorio

Stroud

Cody

et al. 2011

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…These results do not rule out the temperatures and duration of heating of the fragment inferred recently by the authors of Roskosz et al 2008, although knowledge of the location of the fragment studied within track 41 and the radius of this track would be most helpful in making a quantitative comparison. Recent work detailing the alteration of organics within tracks experimentally supports the expectation of location specific alteration and heating within tracks (Spencer et al 2009). Therefore, it is recommended to the Stardust/aerogel collection community that information about the location of samples extracted or analyzed within tracks be reported in the future to allow their measurements to be fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Time evolution and temperatures of hypervelocity impact‐generated tracks in aerogel

Domínguez

2009

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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available online at http://meteoritics.org Time evolution and temperatures of hypervelocity impact-generated tracks in aerogelGerardo DOMINGUEZ Here, a general model of track formation that allows for the existence of partially and completely vaporized aerogel material in tracks is developed. It is shown that under certain conditions, this general track model reduces to the kinetic "snowplow" model that has previously been proposed. It is also shown, based on energetic considerations, that track formation is dominated by an expansion that is snowplow-like in the later stages of track formation. The equation of motion for this snowplow-like stage can be solved analytically, thus placing constraints on the amount of heating experienced by cometary dust fragments embedded in track walls. It is found that the heating of these fragments, for a given impact velocity, is expected to be greater for those embedded in larger tracks. Given the expected future use of aerogels for sample return missions, the results presented here imply that the choice of aerogel compositions can have a significant effect on the modification of samples captured and retrieved by these collectors.

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“…However, as was the case with the Stardust SIDC, residual organics survive the impact [22,[26][27][28][29][30], indeed, showing the presence of the amino acid glycine in some of those samples.…”

Section: Sample Acquisition and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Proposed mission for in-situ detection of microorganisms in Low Earth Orbit

Konesky

2010

SPIE Proceedings

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Microorganisms may exist in Low Earth Orbit both from terrestrial sources, and potentially, from extraterrestrial origins. A simple, low cost method for in-situ detection is proposed, suitable for CubeSat and similar micro and nano-satellite implementation. A block of silica aerogel, similar to that used on the highly successful Stardust mission, is used as a collection medium. Edge-wise UV illumination by a LED array, and orthogonal optical emission detection by a photodetector array, is used for identification. The detection process is on-going, and no sample return is required. Potential terrestrial background sources and missions of extraterrestrial opportunity are discussed.

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Organic compound alteration during hypervelocity collection of carbonaceous materials in aerogel

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Correlated microanalysis of cometary organic grains returned by Stardust

Correlated microanalysis of cometary organic grains returned by Stardust

Time evolution and temperatures of hypervelocity impact‐generated tracks in aerogel

Proposed mission for in-situ detection of microorganisms in Low Earth Orbit

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