Organic coffee certification in Peru as an alternative development-oriented drug control policy

Abstract

Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emerald-srm:448207 [] For AuthorsIf you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -This article aims to evaluate the effect of organic coffee certification on coca cultivation, based on a survey of 496 members from coffee cooperatives located in the upper Tambopata valley in Peru. Coca is a bush from the leaves of which cocaine is extracted. Design/methodology/approach -The results were estimated using the propensity score matching methodology.Findings -The results suggest that participation in organic coffee certification statistically significantly reduces the scale of coca cultivation. Originality/value -This paper analyses a unique primary data set from a coca-growing region in Peru. The value of this paper is that the results suggest that under specific conditions, such as reasonable high and stable coffee prices, organic coffee certification can be an effective element of drug control policy in Latin America.

Farmer’s acceptance towards sustainable farming technology

“…Tey et al (2012) suggested based on their findings, the Malaysian vegetable sector has experienced a low adoption rate of sustainable agricultural practices and imply only a few farmers have adopted it. Further improvement on organic farming technology or organic production system is necessary in the future (Garcia, 2014). In this report, we can determine the acceptance (Murad et al, 2015) of sustainable farming technology among farmers.…”

“…Social influence is the degree to which a person feels that it is important for the others to believe that they also should implement the same system (Venkatesh et al, 2003). It is believed that farmers who have the availability of a big family member can be influenced in accepting sustainable farming technology (Garcia, 2014).…”

Background of Achieving a Realistic Legislative Criminal Policy in Iranian Penal Laws

“…Therefore, considering the functional explanation of prevention as an important tool on the path to sustainable development; and considering that in order to deal with the criminals phenomenon must go to the underlying factors and its social origins and through their neutralization, eliminate or at least reduce the possibility of crime; and by understanding the fact that the issue of criminal confrontation may be only transient and responsive in the short-term, but permanently and in the long run perpetrators behavior will change and will emerge in new forms of crime; and that based on scientific facts, relying on punishment and intensifying criminal reactions, without considering the causes and contexts of crime, is considered as a kind of the struggle against the effects and in the word of realism it cannot have a significant impact, and therefore, paying attention to the pre-criminal stages is considered as necessary and inevitable (Garcia-Yi, 2014).…”

The Rise and Persistence of Illegal Crops: Evidence from a Naive Policy Announcement

“…5 Other authors point to positive e ects of alternative development programs, emphasizing the key role of social development, poverty reduction and community-based activities to create social capital (Cohen, 2009;Dispanadda Diskul et al, 2019), as well as that of price premiums inherent to organic and fair-trade certified products (Garcia-Yi, 2014).…”