Organic chemistry of coke formation

Guisnet, M.; Magnoux, P.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(00)00845-0

Cited by 701 publications

(502 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This conducts to heterogeneous reactions between solid and gas. The coke formation has been widely studied [28]- [38] and chemical reaction pathways are also proposed, depending on the conditions [30]- [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Gascoin¹,

Gillard²,

Bernard³

et al. 2008

Fuel Processing Technology

102

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The active cooling of the Supersonic Combustion Ramjet engine, for hypersonic flight purpose, is ensured thanks to fuel, n-dodecane for the present study. The endothermic fuel pyrolysis, starting above 800 K, could generate an unwanted coke formation. Experimental tests up to 1125 K and between 1 MPa and 6 MPa have been performed on the hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis to evaluate the coking activity. 316L stainless steel, low carbon steel and titanium reactors have been considered. A witness of the coke formation, based on its thermal insulation and pressure loss effects, has been found. A correlation between methane production and coke deposit was found. The coke has been studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The porosity, the density and the permeability of the coke have been estimated.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Gascoin¹,

Gillard²,

Bernard³

et al. 2008

Fuel Processing Technology

102

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“…On the other hand, the higher amount Fig. 1 this sample, since it is well known that ethylene is an efficient coke precursor [17,18]. It merits to be highlighted the low amount of methane obtained over the catalytic monoliths 1Pt/ CeLa, 1Rh/CeLa, 1Ru/CeLa and 10Ni/CeLa as well as the nearly absence of C2eC3 hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Catalytic steam reforming of olive mill wastewater for hydrogen production

Casanovas

Galvis

Llorca

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Olive mill wastewater Catalytic honeycombsHydrogen production a b s t r a c t Catalytic honeycombs functionalized with lanthanum-stabilized ceria as catalytic support and impregnated with different metals (Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd and Ni) were prepared and tested for hydrogen production through the steam reforming of distillated, three-phase olive mill wastewater (OMW). Tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure, different temperatures (873e1023 K), and space velocities (4500e16,000 h -1 ) over catalytic honeycombs loaded with ca. 3 mg cm -2 of catalyst. The catalytic performance was evaluated in terms of hydrogen production, selectivity of gaseous products and stability for 24 h. The best results were obtained over Pt-and Rh-based catalytic systems. Chemical oxygen demand values were determined to quantify the total organic content of OMW and post-reaction condensate to quantify the extension of the reaction. Total organic contents were found to be 5.4 mg L -1 and 0.2e0.5 mg L -1 in OMW distillate and post-reaction condensate, respectively, which leads to a 90e96 % of organic content removal during the steam reforming process. Up to 40 STP mL of pure hydrogen per mL of distillated olive mill wastewater were produced over Pt/CeLa at 973 K and 16,000 h -1 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed carbon and calcium deposition during catalytic reaction.

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“…After consecutive deprotonation, diphenylbutadiene is formed, which undergoes further transformation leading to the complex condensed polyaromatics as pyrene, benzofluoranthene and benzoperylene derivatives-coke and hydrogen. Such mechanism is generally accepted for coking reactions leading to catalyst decay in catalytic cracking [5,21]. In order to verify the role of diphenylbutadiene in the coke formation reaction, the transformation of this compound was studied over alumina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of styrene dimers on Al2O3–Cr and Al2O3–SiO2–Cr catalysts of acid and redox nature

Marczewski

Kaminska

Marczewska

et al. 2013

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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(allylic anion generation); c-Al 2 O 3 -Cr: Brønsted acid centers originating from chromium ions at high oxidation states (alkenyl chain protonation) and Cr 3? redox sites (allylic cation generation); SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 (13 %)-Cr: Brønsted acid centers of silica-alumina (alkenyl chain and aromatic ring protonation) and Cr 3? redox sites (allylic cation generation). The protonation of styrene dimer at the alkenyl chain leads to b-cleavage to toluene and a-methylstyrene as well as to styrene and ethylbenzene. The allylic species formed react to the different styrene dimer isomers and through diphenylbutadiene intermediate to coke. The use of methylcyclohexane as solvent for the styrene dimers in the presence of chromium containing catalysts results in the aromatization reaction leading to toluene and hydrogen. The presence of the later reactant in the system causes styrene and a-methylstyrene hydrogenation to ethylbenzene and cumene.

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Organic chemistry of coke formation

Cited by 701 publications

References 53 publications

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Characterisation of coking activity during supercritical hydrocarbon pyrolysis

Catalytic steam reforming of olive mill wastewater for hydrogen production

Decomposition of styrene dimers on Al2O3–Cr and Al2O3–SiO2–Cr catalysts of acid and redox nature

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