Organic Chemicals Adsorbed onto Diesel Exhaust Particles Directly Alter the Differentiation of Fetal Thymocytes Through Arylhydrocarbon Receptor but Not Oxidative Stress Responses

Ito, Tomohiro; Nagai, Haruko; Lin, Tien-Min; Peterson, Richard E.; Tohyama, Chiharu; Kobayashi, Takuro; Nohara, Keiko

doi:10.1080/15476910500496289

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Analysis of networks found aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent genes, like the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme CYP1B1 (GO: 0006805) increased in oral mucosa of smokers 67 . The data confirm a pivotal association of the AhR in the genetical stress response provoked by chemicals occurring also tobacco smoke [68][69][70] .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

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2013

IJPSR

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In contrast to the problematic health and economic effects of acute and chronic smoke exposure on lung function and airway inflammation, there are still few data dealing with the effects of smoking. Smoke exposure can result in aberrant cell growth. In our experiments, pyrolyzed components of cigarettes have been shown to induce a strong stress response in cultured cells. We used human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, which respond with an altered expression of a broad spectrum of genes. Therefore we performed a systematic analysis of the genetic expression behaviour, using the established whole genome microarray-technology which should be able to reveal the cellular effects. With these data we aim to generate a qualitative spectrum of cellular stress response activity. It is noticeable that after cells" exposure to pyrolyzed tobacco smoke components the products of the most affected genes, e.g. ID1, inhibitor of DNA binding, are up-regulated as a rapid response after 2 h with a factor 3.8 and RPS2, ribosomal protein S2, is downregulated to nearly 50 % after 24 hours. In databases they are documented as still uncharacterized and hypothetical proteins. The DDIT4 gene, encoding the DNAdamage-inducible transcript 4, associated with regulation and development of DNA processes after damage by ionizing radiation and in p53 mediated apoptotic processes, is up-regulated. The exposure leads to a rapid cellular stress response of genes like induction of the ID1, ID2, and ID3 genes, located on different chromosomes, already after two hours. They interact normally with DNA binding proteins under heterodimer formation and are considered as negative regulators of transcription. After 24 hours, a return back to normal was not observed and the genes remained stably down-regulated. The suppression of the GADD45B gene which is involved in the cell cycle regulation and after DNA damage a cell cycle arrest is mediated by the gene product. The C14orf4 gene (IRF2BPL) suggests a bifunctional role in transcription control as a promotor"s activator as well as a repressor. Recent data indicate a prominent role of this gene transcript in the control of female reproductive function. On balance, the role of the predominant amount of affected genes is focused on cellular stress response and DNA metabolism.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

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2013

IJPSR

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“…Using BMDM derived from AhR −/− mice showed that CARB ULSD- and S100-mediated induction of CYP1A1 and COX-2 depends on a functional expression of the AhR. The role of AhR in mediating the effects of diesel exhaust particles on the differentiation of thymocytes has been emphasized earlier in vitro (Ito et al, 2006; van Voorhis et al, 2013) as well as in vivo (O’Driscoll et al, 2018). The results suggest that S100 and CARB ULSD contain components capable of activating CYP1A1 in an AhR-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory marker and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent responses in human macrophages exposed to emissions from biodiesel fuels

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel or renewable diesel fuels are alternative fuels produced from vegetable oil and animal tallow that are being considered to help reduce the use of petroleum-based fuels and emissions of air pollutants including greenhouse gases. Here, we analyzed the gene expression of inflammatory marker responses and the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme after exposure to diesel and biodiesel emission samples generated from an in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicle. Particulate emission samples from petroleum-based California Air Resource Board (CARB)-certified ultralow sulfur diesel (CARB ULSD), biodiesel, and renewable hydro-treated diesel all induced inflammatory markers such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX)-2 and interleukin (IL)-8 in human U937-derived macrophages and the expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme CYP1A1. Furthermore, the results indicate that the particle emissions from CARB ULSD and the alternative diesel fuel blends activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce CYP1A1 in a dose- and AhR-dependent manner which was supported by the AhR luciferase reporter assay and gel shift analysis. Based on a per mile emissions with the model year 2000 heavy duty vehicle tested, the effects of the alternative diesel fuel blends emissions on the expression on inflammatory markers like IL-8 and COX-2 tend to be lower than emission samples derived from CARB ULSD fuel. The results will help to assess the potential benefits and toxicity from biofuel use as alternative fuels in modern technology diesel engines.

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“…This is due mostly to the longer half-life of H 2 O 2 and its ability to diffuse easier through membranes than other types of ROS [ 129 , 130 ]. Slight variations in ROS content may have deep effects on stem cell fate [ 130 , 131 ]. iPSCs and ESCs exhibit similar ROS levels and mitochondrial mass, but significantly less than in human dermal fibroblasts from which iPSCs were generated.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR200 and miR302: Two Big Families Influencing Stem Cell Behavior

et al. 2018

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In this review, we described different factors that modulate pluripotency in stem cells, in particular we aimed at following the steps of two large families of miRNAs: the miR-200 family and the miR-302 family. We analyzed some factors tuning stem cells behavior as TGF-β, which plays a pivotal role in pluripotency inhibition together with specific miRNAs, reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also hypoxia, and physical stimuli, such as ad hoc conveyed electromagnetic fields. TGF-β plays a crucial role in the suppression of pluripotency thus influencing the achievement of a specific phenotype. ROS concentration can modulate TGF-β activation that in turns down regulates miR-200 and miR-302. These two miRNAs are usually requested to maintain pluripotency, while they are down-regulated during the acquirement of a specific cellular phenotype. Moreover, also physical stimuli, such as extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields or high-frequency electromagnetic fields conveyed with a radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC), and hypoxia can deeply influence stem cell behavior by inducing the appearance of specific phenotypes, as well as a direct reprogramming of somatic cells. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interplay between externally applied stimuli and epigenetic events could disclose novel target molecules to commit stem cell fate.

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Organic Chemicals Adsorbed onto Diesel Exhaust Particles Directly Alter the Differentiation of Fetal Thymocytes Through Arylhydrocarbon Receptor but Not Oxidative Stress Responses

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

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Inflammatory marker and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent responses in human macrophages exposed to emissions from biodiesel fuels

MiR200 and miR302: Two Big Families Influencing Stem Cell Behavior

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