Organic carbon dynamics in soils with pyrogenic organic matter that received plant residue additions over seven years

Dharmakeerthi, R. S.; Hanley, Kelly; Whitman, Thea; Woolf, Dominic; Lehmann, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.003

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We limited the source of biochar production to crop residue that can be sustainably harvested. We assumed that 79.6% of biochar carbon persists on a time scale of >100 years ( 53 , 54 ) and that there are no effects of biochar on emissions of N 2 O or CH 4 ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural climate solutions for the United States

et al. 2018

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural climate solutions for the United States

et al. 2018

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“…In their experiment, addition of 13 C-labeled glucose increased biochar turnover rates, whereas cellulose addition did not. However, the addition of sugarcane was recently reported to have no significant effect on overall mineralization of biochar during 7 years of incubation (Dharmakeerthi et al 2015). This discrepancy might depend on whether substrate addition could access microorganisms which caused co-metabolism, which usually leads to increases in both SOM and biochar mineralization ).…”

Section: Biochar Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The properties and functions of biochars in forest ecosystems

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The production of large quantities of biochar from natural fires has been a part of human history for millennia, causing CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere and exerting longterm effects on soil processes. Despite its potential importance and recent work reflecting the wide interest in biochar, a general review of our deep understanding of biochar functions within forest soils is currently lacking. Gaps in research knowledge in this field are identified in this paper. Materials and methods This paper summarizes recent research to provide a better understanding of the concentrations, distribution, and characteristics of biochar produced from forest wildfire and its influences on soil processes. Perspectives and recommendations for future research on biochar in postfire forest soils are also discussed. Results and discussion The concentration, distribution, and characteristics of biochar produced from forest wildfire largely depend on forest landscapes, regional climates, and mostly its feedstock and fire history, like, its duration and severity. The influences of biochar on soil processes, particularly carbon and nitrogen transformations and cycling, like, nitrification and nitrous oxide emissions reduction (Clough and Condron, J Environ Qual 39:1218-1223, are also determined mainly by the fire temperature and raw materials. Mechanisms can be attributed to the adsorption of organic compounds and nutrients or changed microenvironment, termed as charsphere, by biochar. We also identify the microbial mechanisms involved in the biochar-containing soils.

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“…Some studies showed the total CO 2 emission in the biochar treatment and CO 2 amount derived from biochar (Kuzyakov et al 2009;Keith et al 2011;Naisse et al 2015a), and the decomposition amount of NSOC was calculated by the difference. Some studies showed the cumulative CO 2 emission derived from NSOC under different incubation stages (Cross and Sohi 2011;Keith et al 2011;Bruun and El-Zehery 2012;Singh et al 2012;Maestrini et al 2014b;Whitman et al 2014;Dharmakeerthi et al 2015;Rittl et al 2015;Cui et al 2017). X e and X c were calculated using the following equation:…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis and critical evaluation of influencing factors on soil carbon priming following biochar amendment

et al. 2017

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Purpose Previous studies have found biochar-induced effects on native soil organic carbon (NSOC) decomposition, with a range of positive, negative and no priming reported. However, many uncertainties still exist regarding which parameters drive the amplitude and the direction of the biochar priming. Materials and methods We conducted a quantitative analysis of 1170 groups of data from 27 incubation studies using boosted regression trees (BRTs). BRT is a machine learning method combining regression trees and a boosting algorithm, which can effectively partition independent influences of various factors on the target variable in the complex ecological processes. Results and discussion The BRT model explained a total of 72.4% of the variation in soil carbon (C) priming following biochar amendment, in which incubation conditions (36.5%) and biochar properties (33.7%) explained a larger proportion than soil properties (29.8%). The predictors that substantially accounted for the explained variation included incubation time (27.1%) and soil moisture (5.0%), biochar C/N ratio (6.2%), nitrogen content (5.5%), pyrolysis time during biochar production (5.1%), biochar pH (4.5%), soil C content (5.2%), sand (4.7%) and clay content (4.1%). In contrast, other incubation conditions (temperature, biochar dose, whether nutrient was added), biochar properties (biochar C, feedstock type, ash content, pyrolysis temperature, whether biochar was activated) and soil properties (nitrogen content, silt content, C/N ratio, pH, land use type) had small contribution (each < 4%). Positive priming occurred within the first 2 years of incubations, with a change to negative priming afterwards. The priming was negative for low N biochar or in high-moisture soils but positive on their reverse sides. The size of negative priming increased with rising biochar C/N ratio, pyrolysis time and soil clay content, but deceased with soil C/N ratio. Conclusions We determine the critical drivers for biochar effect on native soil organic C cycling, which can help us to better predict soil C sequestration following biochar amendment.

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Organic carbon dynamics in soils with pyrogenic organic matter that received plant residue additions over seven years

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Natural climate solutions for the United States

Natural climate solutions for the United States

The properties and functions of biochars in forest ecosystems

A meta-analysis and critical evaluation of influencing factors on soil carbon priming following biochar amendment

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