Organic carbon content in the late Pleistocene and Holocene fossil soils (reconstruction for Eastern Europe)

Морозова, Т. Д.; Величко, А.А.; Dlussky, K.G.

doi:10.1016/s0921-8181(98)00027-7

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Humus carbon storage in paleosols calculated using phyto-indication method amounts to 42.7 Gt for Northern Eurasia, that is about 23% of the modern value. The same value had been previously estimated for the East European Plain at 6.2 Gt, that is 15% of the modern one (Morozova et al, 1998).…”

Section: Maximum Cooling Of the Valdai Glacial Timesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…As follows from studies of paleosols along a meridional profile on the East European Plain, latitudinal variations of humus were smoothed due to hyperzonality (Morozova et al, 1998). Humus carbon storage in paleosols calculated using phyto-indication method amounts to 42.7 Gt for Northern Eurasia, that is about 23% of the modern value.…”

Section: Maximum Cooling Of the Valdai Glacial Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there has been accumulated experience of estimating carbon storage in paleosols using data on modern soil types similar to fossil ones (Morozova et al, 1998).…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of carbon storage in phytomass and soil humus in Northern Eurasia during the last climatic macrocycle

Величко¹,

Borisova²,

Zelikson³

et al. 2010

Global and Planetary Change

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Section: Maximum Cooling Of the Valdai Glacial Timesupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Maximum Cooling Of the Valdai Glacial Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of carbon storage in phytomass and soil humus in Northern Eurasia during the last climatic macrocycle

Величко¹,

Borisova²,

Zelikson³

et al. 2010

Global and Planetary Change

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“…However, during the last glacial maximum, ice sheets covered approximately 20% of the continental northern hemisphere (16,23,24), including the area that is currently covered by the boreal forest, the world's largest store of soil carbon, whose size is estimated to be 330 Pg (40). A similar distribution of vegetation has been proposed for the last interglacial period (Eemian), as recorded in glacially overridden soils and peat (10,32) and paleosols in unglaciated terrain beyond the ice margin (26). These overridden soils and peat deposits provide a large source of organic carbon beneath the midlatitude ice sheets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Microbial Life beneath a High Arctic Glacier

Skidmore

Foght

Sharp

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

342

290

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The debris-rich basal ice layers of a high Arctic glacier were shown to contain metabolically diverse microbes that could be cultured oligotrophically at low temperatures (0.3 to 4°C). These organisms included aerobic chemoheterotrophs and anaerobic nitrate reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens. Colonies purified from subglacial samples at 4°C appeared to be predominantly psychrophilic. Aerobic chemoheterotrophs were metabolically active in unfrozen basal sediments when they were cultured at 0.3°C in the dark (to simulate nearly in situ conditions), producing 14 CO 2 from radiolabeled sodium acetate with minimal organic amendment (>38 M C). In contrast, no activity was observed when samples were cultured at subfreezing temperatures (<؊1.8°C) for 66 days. Electron microscopy of thawed basal ice samples revealed various cell morphologies, including dividing cells. This suggests that the subglacial environment beneath a polythermal glacier provides a viable habitat for life and that microbes may be widespread where the basal ice is temperate and water is present at the base of the glacier and where organic carbon from glacially overridden soils is present. Our observations raise the possibility that in situ microbial production of CO 2 and CH 4 beneath ice masses (e.g., the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets) is an important factor in carbon cycling during glacial periods. Moreover, this terrestrial environment may provide a model for viable habitats for life on Mars, since similar conditions may exist or may have existed in the basal sediments beneath the Martian north polar ice cap.

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“…It has been assumed that there was less precipitation in Siberia during the LGM [ Schirrmeister et al , 2002; Sher et al , 2005]. To the southwest (in Europe), conditions were warmer with more precipitation (200–250 mm in the Eastern Europe in the LGM [ Morozova et al , 1998] therefore SCI and DR increased in parallel. Consequently, C concentration in frozen loess of Europe should have been similar to amounts currently observed in frozen yedoma in the north of Siberia (in the zones B and C (Figure 1) C concentration in the permafrost is approximately the same).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon storage in permafrost and soils of the mammoth tundra‐steppe biome: Role in the global carbon budget

Zimov

Zimova

et al. 2009

Geophysical Research Letters

106

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During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), atmospheric CO2 concentration was 80–100 ppmv lower than in pre‐industrial times. At that time steppe‐tundra was the most extensive biome on Earth. Some authors assume that C storage in that biome was very small, similar to today's deserts, and that the terrestrial carbon (C) reservoir increased at the Pleistocene‐Holocene transition (PHT) by 400–1300 Gt. To estimate C storage in the entire steppe‐tundra biome we used data of C storage in soils of this biome that persisted in permafrost of Siberia and Alaska and developed a model that describes C accumulation in soils and in permafrost. The model shows a slow but consistent C increase in soil when permafrost appears. At the PHT, C‐rich frozen loess of Europe and South of Siberia thawed and lost most of its carbon. Soil carbon decreases as tundra‐steppe changes to forest, steppes and tundra. As a result, over 1000 Gt C was released to the atmosphere, oceans, and other terrestrial ecosystems. The model results also show that restoring the tundra‐steppe ecosystem would enhance soil C storage, while providing other important ecosystem services.

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Organic carbon content in the late Pleistocene and Holocene fossil soils (reconstruction for Eastern Europe)

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Dynamics of carbon storage in phytomass and soil humus in Northern Eurasia during the last climatic macrocycle

Dynamics of carbon storage in phytomass and soil humus in Northern Eurasia during the last climatic macrocycle

Microbial Life beneath a High Arctic Glacier

Carbon storage in permafrost and soils of the mammoth tundra‐steppe biome: Role in the global carbon budget

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