Organic Carbon and Disinfection Byproduct Precursor Loads from a Constructed, Non-Tidal Wetland in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Fleck, Jacob A.; Fram, Miranda S.; Fujii, Roger

doi:10.15447/sfews.2007v5iss2art1

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our data and data from Burow et al (2005), Fleck et al (2007), and Deverel and Rojstaczer (1996) indicate that land-management practices and hydrologic conditions that result in high groundwater levels increase DOC loads 3 to over 100 times relative to late spring, summer, and fall agricultural drainage loads. Questions remain about the long-term effects of permanent flooding on DOC and THMFP loads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Processes Affecting Agricultural Drainwater Quality and Organic Carbon Loads in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Deverel¹,

Leighton²,

Finlay³

2007

SFEWS

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From 2000 to 2003 we quantified drain flow, drainand ground-water chemistry and hydrogeologic conditions on Twitchell Island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The primary objective was to quantify processes affecting organic carbon concentrations and loads in agricultural drainage water. We collected physical and chemical data in southern and northern areas: TN and TS, respectively. Corn grew in both areas during the spring and summer. The peat soils in the TN area are more decomposed than those in the TS area. Results elucidate processes affecting drain flow and concentrations under varying hydrologic conditions. During May through November, groundwater flows from the permanently saturated zone to drainage ditches, and the resulting average drainagewater quality and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was similar to the groundwater; the median DOC loads in the TN and TS study areas ranged from 9 to 27 g C/ha-day. The major ion chemistry and stable isotope data confirmed that groundwater was the primary source of drainflow. In contrast, during December through April the drainwater is supplied from the shallow, variably saturated soilzone. The DOC concentrations, major-ion chemistry and stable isotope data indicate the shallow-zone water is partially evaporated and oxidized. Higher flows and DOC concentrations during these months result in higher median DOC loads, which ranged from 84 to 280 g C/ha-day.During December through April, increasing groundwater levels in the shallow peat layers and mobilization of organic carbon result in high drain flow and increased trihalomethane precursor concentrations and loads. On a per mass DOC basis, drain water collected during high flow periods is less likely to form THMs than during low flow periods. However, the high flows and subsequent high concentrations contribute to substantially higher trihalomethane precursor and DOC loads. KEYWORDSagricultural drainage, organic carbon, drinking water quality, disinfection byproducts, organic soils

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Using groundwater chemical data and a groundwater flow model, Burow et al (2005) estimated subsurface DOC loads from a nontidal constructed wetland on Twitchell Island as 1,233 to 3,671 g/ha-day. Fleck et al (2007) reported an annual average load of 2,566 g/ha-day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes Affecting Agricultural Drainwater Quality and Organic Carbon Loads in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Deverel¹,

Leighton²,

Finlay³

2007

SFEWS

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“…In contrast, since the DSM2 model produced relatively good fits between predicted and modeled WW and HPOA DOC concentrations for the growing season, we hypothesize that the spring/summer bias in our WW-D 14 C models derived from replacement of older riverine DOC with younger DOC from primary production (i.e., turnover of the DOC pool) during the summer. This hypothesis is supported by mass balance studies which show increasing contributions of wetland DOC during the spring and summer growing season (Fleck et al 2007). Moreover, the average WW-D 14 C at the SWP during the summer fell above (i.e., was younger than) the range of WW-D 14 C for any of the measured sources (Fig.…”

Section: Doc Loading To the State Water Projectmentioning

confidence: 74%

Identifying sources of dissolved organic carbon in agriculturally dominated rivers using radiocarbon age dating: Sacramento–San Joaquin River Basin, California

et al. 2009

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“…The area of yield was calculated as the volume of the flooding waters during the highest tide occurring in the deployment period divided by the change in water height over that tide, adjusted to account for the water retained in the soils and the volume of the soil itself. We estimated the moisture content to be an average of 50% during drained conditions (Boelter 1964;Weiss et al 1998) and the soil porosity to be 0.9 (Fleck et al 2007), resulting in a contributing area 1.8 times the area defined by the simple water exchange. This method provides a rough estimate of the tidal drainage area, representing approximately 30% of the total island area in Winter, 20% in Fall, and 15% in Spring, consistent with the locations of the sampling stations, which would only capture a fraction of total island drainage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ optical measurements

Bergamaschi

Fleck

Downing

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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We assessed monomethylmercury (MeHg) dynamics in a tidal wetland over three seasons using a novel method that employs a combination of in situ optical measurements as concentration proxies. MeHg concentrations measured over a single spring tide were extended to a concentration time series using in situ optical measurements. Tidal fluxes were calculated using modeled concentrations and bi-directional velocities obtained acoustically. The magnitude of the flux was the result of complex interactions of tides, geomorphic features, particle sorption, and random episodic events such as wind storms and precipitation. Correlation of dissolved organic matter quality measurements with timing of MeHg release suggests that MeHg is produced in areas of fluctuating redox and not limited by buildup of sulfide. The wetland was a net source of MeHg to the estuary in all seasons, with particulate flux being much higher than dissolved flux, even though dissolved concentrations were commonly higher. Estimated total MeHg yields out of the wetland were approximately 2.5 mg m 22 yr 21 -4-40 times previously published yields-representing a potential loading to the estuary of 80 g yr 21 , equivalent to 3% of the river loading. Thus, export from tidal wetlands should be included in mass balance estimates for MeHg loading to estuaries. Also, adequate estimation of loads and the interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes in tidal wetlands might not be possible without long-term, high-frequency in situ measurements.

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Organic Carbon and Disinfection Byproduct Precursor Loads from a Constructed, Non-Tidal Wetland in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Processes Affecting Agricultural Drainwater Quality and Organic Carbon Loads in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Processes Affecting Agricultural Drainwater Quality and Organic Carbon Loads in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Identifying sources of dissolved organic carbon in agriculturally dominated rivers using radiocarbon age dating: Sacramento–San Joaquin River Basin, California

Methyl mercury dynamics in a tidal wetland quantified using in situ optical measurements

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