Organic anions in damage layers on monuments and buildings

Sabbioni, C.; Ghedini, Nadia; Bonazza, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)01025-7

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The mineralogical composition of the underlying material is ascribable to the aggregates and binder constituting the Portland Cement mortar used to build the Centennial Hall. The mineralogical phases identified only in black crusts are gypsum, as the main mineral, followed by hematite, ilmenite and rutile, which presence is connected to atmospheric deposition [9,10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hematite, ilmenite and rutile in case of Centennial Hall are typical tracers of fly ash emitted into atmosphere by coal combustion [10]. The presence of hematite and ilmenite in Italian site is due to oil combustion in vehicular exhaust and domestic heating [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were also detected considerable amounts of anions of organic acid such as formate, acetate and oxalate. The presence of organic anions is linked to primary and secondary pollutants and also biological weathering [10]. NO 3 -and NO 2 -were also found in lower concentration; there are closely connected to motor vehicles and industrial activity [3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental damage in XXth century architecture

Ozga¹,

Bonazza²,

Tittarelli³

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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It has been recognized that many modern buildings undergo rapid deterioration, especially in areas with high air pollutant concentrations. It is assumed that the deposition of gaseous multi-pollutants and aerosols plays a major role in causing the deterioration of monuments and built cultural heritage in European cities. While the deterioration process due to air pollutants and particle deposition is well studied in stones, particularly limestone, sandstone and granite, in the case of cement materials the subject has yet to be explored.This work focuses on the investigation of the impact of air multipollutants on concrete architecture in current urban atmospheres. The diagnosis of surface layers considering location of buildings is a major issue in this research. To this end laboratory analyses have been preformed on samples from buildings exposed in different urban areas: Centennial Hall of 1913 (Wroclaw, Poland, close to a power station); Chiesa dell'Autostrada del Sole of 1963 (Florence, Italy, close to the motorway) and Casa Galleria Vichi of 1911 (Florence city centre). The samplings were carried out taking into account different levels and parts of the buildings, in washed out, sheltered and partly sheltered areas. The characterization of collected surface layers and cement mortar samples was performed using a range of analytical methods, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, ion chromatography, induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, differential and gravimetric thermal analysis and CHNSO elemental analysis.The quantitative results from the experimental work will be presented and discussed, in order to achieve an exhaustive picture of the main causes leading to concrete deterioration in the buildings under study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental damage in XXth century architecture

Ozga¹,

Bonazza²,

Tittarelli³

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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“…Since organic anions have a number of natural and anthropogenic origins [16], their yearly mean concentrations do not reveal particular variations. However, at ND the highest concentration is observed for C 2 H 3 O 2 -in winter and for C 2 O 4 = and CHO 2 -in spring, while at SD the highest concentrations are measured for C 2 H 3 O 2 -and C 2 O 4 = in winter and CHO 2 -in autumn.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of atmospheric particle monitoring in the protection of cultural heritage

Ozga

Ghedini

Bonazza

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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It is now well known that air pollution is responsible for the accelerated damage encountered on cultural heritage located outdoors. Although several works on atmospheric pollutants have been performed, studies of atmospheric pollutant monitoring close to monuments remain rare. In addition, the few cases reported in the literature mostly regard indoor environments. As the protection and conservation of monuments and historic buildings constitutes a priority for each country, knowledge of particle composition near monuments over time is an important issue in conservation strategies. For this reason, the atmosphere in proximity of the Florence Baptistery, located in the city centre, was continuously monitored during 2003 and 2004 by means of aerosol sampling performed close to two of the three doors of the monument. In particular, the monitoring was performed close to the North Door, realized by Lorenzo Ghiberti (1403-1424), currently utilized as the entrance to the monument, and the South Door, a masterpiece of Andrea Pisano (1330), employed as the exit for visitors. The sampling sites were characterized by different expositions to road traffic emissions. The non-carbonate carbon and soluble ionic components of the total suspended matter were measured. The data obtained is presented and discussed with the goal of contributing to the formulation of guidelines for a suitable safeguard of the built cultural heritage.

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“…These organic acids account for as much as 80%-90% of the acidity in remote areas of the world [8] and contribute 25%-65% of the rainwater acidity in industrial and urban areas [6,9,10]. The presence of formic and acetic acids in the atmosphere can influence pH-dependent chemical reactions in clouds and also have a negative effect on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems [11]. Also, these acids have been shown to be significant constituents of water soluble organic compounds in cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) and thus may alter the chemical and physical properties of these aerosols and enhance their capability as CCN [2,10,[12][13][14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation and sources of low molecular weight organic acids in precipitation in the rural area of Anshun

et al. 2011

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Low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids are important and ubiquitous chemical constituents in the atmosphere. A comprehensive study of the chemical composition of precipitation was carried out from June 2007 to June 2008 at a rural site in Anshun, in the west of Guizhou Province, China. During this period, 118 rainwater samples were collected and the main LMW carboxylic acids were determined using ion chromatography. The average pH of rainwater was 4.89 which is a typical acidic value. The most abundant carboxylic acids were formic acid (volume weight mean concentration: 8.77 μmol L −1 ) and acetic acid (6.90 μmol L −1 ), followed by oxalic acid (2.05 μmol L −1 ). The seasonal variation of concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of organic acids indicated that direct vegetation emissions were the main sources of the organic acids. Highest concentrations were observed in winter and were ascribed to the low winter rainfall and the contribution of other air pollution sources northeast of the study area. The ratio of formic and acetic acids in the precipitation ([F/A] T ) was proposed as an indicator of pollution source. This suggested that the pollution resulted from direct emissions from natural or anthropogenic sources. Comparison with acid precipitation in other urban and rural areas in Guizhou showed that there was a decreasing contribution of LMW organic acids to free acidity and all anions in rainwater from urban to remote rural areas. Consequently, it is necessary to control emissions of organic acids to reduce the frequency of acid rain, especially in rural and remote areas. precipitation, acid rain, organic acids, sources, Guizhou Citation:Zhang Y L, Lee X Q, Cao F, et al. Seasonal variation and sources of low molecular weight organic acids in precipitation in the rural area of Anshun.

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Organic anions in damage layers on monuments and buildings

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Environmental damage in XXth century architecture

Environmental damage in XXth century architecture

The importance of atmospheric particle monitoring in the protection of cultural heritage

Seasonal variation and sources of low molecular weight organic acids in precipitation in the rural area of Anshun

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