Organic and Inorganic Pyrophosphates as Shock-Inducing Agents

Bielschowsky, Marian; Green, H. N.

doi:10.1038/153524a0

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…When studying the guinea‐pig heart, Drury (1936) noted that ATP was more effective than adenosine at producing heart block. During the war there was much interest in traumatic shock, and one hypothesis is particularly relevant, namely that crushed tissues, especially muscle, would release ATP and other adenylates and then they would contribute to vasodilatation (Green 1943, Bielschowsky & Green 1944). Harry Norman Green and H.B.…”

Section: Early Studies Of the Extracellular Effects Of Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The birth and postnatal development of purinergic signalling

et al. 2010

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The purinergic signalling system is one of the most ancient and arguably the most widespread intercellular signalling system in living tissues. In this review we present a detailed account of the early developments and current status of purinergic signalling. We summarize the current knowledge on purinoceptors, their distribution and role in signal transduction in various tissues in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

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Section: Early Studies Of the Extracellular Effects Of Purinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The birth and postnatal development of purinergic signalling

et al. 2010

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“…After deamination of ATP its depressor activity is reduced twenty-fold, and the slight residual activity was found to be the same for both the Na and Mg 17-2 242 M. BIELSCHOWSKY, H. N. GREEN AND H. B. STONER salts of ITP. This result is in contrast to the high toxicity of MgITP -as compared with that of NaITP (Bielschowsky & Green, 1944).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…This is true, not only of the animals investigated here, but also of man (Stoner & Green, 1945a). The toxic effect of some of these compounds on the whole animal is also increased when Mg is the cation (Bielschowsky & Green, 1944). It would seem then that the introduction of Mg into the molecule enhances its biological action as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore piobable that the Mg salts of the nucleotides are also only partly dissociated in biological fluids. Since it is probable that ATP exists in muscle as the Mg salt (Szent-Gy6rgyi, 1943;Bielschowsky & Green, 1944), the behaviour of the Mg salt may reflect its physiological action more closely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this work is to show how and to what degree Mg and Ca laffect the circulatory reactions to these purine derivatives. It has already been reported (Bielschowsky & Green, 1944) that the Mg salt of adenosine triphosphate is more toxic than.the Na salt and that free Mg++* is capable of potentiating the toxic action of this and other purine derivatives (Green & Stoner, 1944). Consequently, it was important to determine the effect of Mg on other properties of these compounds.…”

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The effect of magnesium and calcium on the physiological properties of certain purine derivatives

Bielschowsky¹,

Green²,

Stoner³

1946

The Journal of Physiology

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We have described previously some of the pharmacological actions of adenosine triphosphate and related compounds. The purpose of this work is to show how and to what degree Mg and Ca laffect the circulatory reactions to these purine derivatives. It has already been reported (Bielschowsky & Green, 1944) that the Mg salt of adenosine triphosphate is more toxic than.the Na salt and that free Mg++* is capable of potentiating the toxic action of this and other purine derivatives (Green & Stoner, 1944). Consequently, it was important to determine the effect of Mg on other properties of these compounds. To this end, the circulatory effects of the Na and Mg salts of these subst3nces were compared, and the action of free Mg++ on these effects observed. Since Ca antagonizes some of the pharmacological effects of Mg, its influence on these compounds was also studied. Drury & Sz8nt-Gy6rgyi (1929) have already observed the effect of free Ca++ on the response of the heart to adenylic acid and adenosine and found that there was no alteration with doses up to 5 mg. The only substances found to modify the action of these two compounds were Ba and phosphotungstic acid, the former decreasing and the latter intensifying their action on the heart. METHODSThe investigation was carried out on a series offorty-nine cats, three rabbits and one dog, anaesthetized either with nembutal or chloralose. The results obtained, with one exception which will be mentioned later, were identical with both anaesthetics. The blood pressure was recorded from the carotid artery with a mercury manometer. The intravenous injections were given into the external jugular vein or a radicle of the portal vein and washed in with physiological salt solution from a burette. In some experiments the contractions of the left ventricle were recorded with a Cushny myograph and the contractions of the right auricle by a thread attached to its apex.Intestinal volume changes were recorded with an oncometer connected to a tambour recorder and, in some experiments, a blood-press#ure compensator (Bayliss, 1908) was attached to a cannula in the iliac artery. At the beginning of the majority of the experiments in which free Mg+ + was used, both uretexs were ligated to stabilize the level of the blood Mg (Hoff, Smith & Winkler, 1939).* This term signifies that Mg+ + was injected separately.

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The anticoagulant effect of adenosine‐triphosphate (atp) on blood plasma

Libber

1955

J. Cell. Comp. Physiol.

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FOUR FIGURES IKTRODUCTION Protoplasm and blood have been shown by Heilbrunn ( '28) to possess comparable mechanisms for coagulation, i.e. the surface precipitation reaction and the gelation of protoplasm a r e both closely related to the clotting reaction of blood. Heilbrunn ( '40) reported the similarity in the physicochemical behavior of the protoplasm of muscle to that of other cells. The clotting activities of blood plasma, muscle protoplasm, and protoplasm in general were discussed by Heilbrunn ('43) and were shown to adhere to the same general pattern; namely, that upon excitation or injury of a cell, thromboplastic substance( s ) a r e released which in the presence of ionic calcium hring about a gelation or clotting of both protoplasm and blood plasma. I n 1941, Banga and Szent-Gyorgyi, working with the slieletal muscle of the rabbit, isolated two types of protein which more recently have become known a s myosin and actin. These proteins, which form a complex (actomyosin) are thought to be constituents of the contractile elements of muscle fibres. Szent-Gyorgyi ( '51) postulated that ATP participated in muscular contraction by acting on actomyosin. H e claimed 'Presented t o the Faculty of the Graduate Scliool of the University of Pennsylvania i n partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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Organic and Inorganic Pyrophosphates as Shock-Inducing Agents

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

The birth and postnatal development of purinergic signalling

The birth and postnatal development of purinergic signalling

The effect of magnesium and calcium on the physiological properties of certain purine derivatives

The anticoagulant effect of adenosine‐triphosphate (atp) on blood plasma

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