Organic Analysis by Pyrolys is-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry A Candidate Experiment for the Biological Exploration of Mars

Simmonds, Peter; Shulman, Garson P.; Stembridge, C.H.

doi:10.1093/chromsci/7.1.36

Cited by 101 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…1(ii)) shows that toluene is the most abundant pyrolysis product. A high abundance of nitriles and pyridine probably derived from proteins or nucleic acids (Simmonds et al, 1969;Bayer and Morgan, 1984) is also characteristic of this SE Exportadora de sal cyanobacterial mat. The significant furaldehydes and methylfuraldehydes in pyrolysates are thought to be derived from carbohydrate structures (Simmonds et al, 1969;Bayer and Morgan, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A high abundance of nitriles and pyridine probably derived from proteins or nucleic acids (Simmonds et al, 1969;Bayer and Morgan, 1984) is also characteristic of this SE Exportadora de sal cyanobacterial mat. The significant furaldehydes and methylfuraldehydes in pyrolysates are thought to be derived from carbohydrate structures (Simmonds et al, 1969;Bayer and Morgan, 1984). Carbohydrates are generally degraded fairly rapidly after deposition due to biodegradation or chemical reactions such as dehydration and polymerization (Brown et al, 1972;Boon et al, 1983;Hedges et al, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Pyrolysis-GC analyses of the recent cyanobacterial mats reacted with H2S under mild condition.

Suzuki¹,

Philp²

1995

Geochem. J.

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JapanIn order to investigate the formation of organosulphur compounds during the very early stage of diagenesis, experiments were designed to simulate sulphur incorporation from H2S, or elemental sulphur, into recently deposited natural sedimentary organic matter (cyanobacterial mats from salt ponds in Baja California) and performed under relatively mild reaction conditions (40°C, 2 to 30 days, hydrous and anhydrous). The sulphur-containing moieties in the reaction products were examined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography (GC) using a GC equipped with a flame photometric detector (FPD) and a flame ionization detector (FID), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Sulphur incorporation from H2S into recently deposited cyanobacterial mats occurred fairly readily, but elemental sulphur does not react as readily with the cyanobacterial mats. Sulphur incorporation into humic acids occurred more rapidly than into proto-kerogens. Sulphur incorporation into lipid fractions was not observed. Two major sulphur incorporation stages are proposed, with the formation of thiols by reac tion between H2S and active carbonyl groups considered to be the most likely mechanism of sulphur incorporation in the first stage. The second stage of sulphur incorporation is proposed to be related to the reaction between H2S and proteinaceous organic matter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis-GC analyses of the recent cyanobacterial mats reacted with H2S under mild condition.

Suzuki¹,

Philp²

1995

Geochem. J.

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“…3) include benzene, toluene, alkylbenzenes, naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weights up to around 200-300 amu (Simmonds et al 1969 ;Studier et al 1972;Levy et al 1973;Bandurski & Nagy 1976;Holzer & Oro´1977;Murae 1995;Sephton & Gilmour 2001b).…”

Section: Pyrolytic Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difficulty in analysing such complex macromolecular materials has led to a number of analytical approaches : non-destructive processes such as infra-red spectroscopy (e.g. Hayatsu et al 1977) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy Gardinier et al 2000;Cody et al 2002) and destructive techniques such as chemical degradation (Hayatsu et al 1980) and pyrolysis (Simmonds et al 1969 ;Studier et al 1972;Levy et al 1973;Bandurski & Nagy 1976;Holzer & Oro´1977;Murae 1995;Sephton et al 1999;Sephton & Gilmour 2001b;Sephton et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, isotopic and in situ analytical approaches to the study of meteoritic organic material

Watson

Pearson

Sephton

et al. 2004

International Journal of Astrobiology

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: Organic materials isolated from carbonaceous meteorites provide us with a record of pre-biotic chemistry in the early Solar System. Molecular, isotopic and in situ studies of these materials suggest that a number of extraterrestrial environments have contributed to the inventory of organic matter in the early Solar System including interstellar space, the Solar nebula and meteorite parent bodies.There are several difficulties that have to be overcome in the study of the organic constituents of meteorites. Contamination by terrestrial biogenic organic matter is an ever-present concern and a wide variety of contaminant molecules have been isolated and identified including essential plant oils, derived from either biological sources or common cleaning products, and aliphatic hydrocarbons, most probably derived from petroleum-derived pollutants. Only 25 % of the organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites is amenable to extraction with organic solvents ; the remainder is present as a complex macromolecular aromatic network that has required the development of analytical approaches that can yield structural and isotopic information on this highly complex material.Stable isotopic studies have been of paramount importance in understanding the origins of meteoritic organic matter and have provided evidence for the incorporation of interstellar molecules within meteoritic material. Extending isotopic studies to the molecular level is yielding new insights into both the sources of meteoritic organic matter and the processes that have modified it.Organic matter in meteorites is intimately associated with silicate minerals and the in situ examination of the relationships between organic and inorganic components is crucial to our understanding of the role of asteroidal processes in the modification of organic matter and, in particular, the role of water as both a solvent and a reactant on meteorite parent bodies.

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“…Segundo Sainz-Jimenez (1994), a P-CG/EM foi usada, pela primeira vez, em amostras de terras no estudo da superfície do deserto da Califórnia (USA), para analisar compostos orgânicos e identificar moléculas traçadoras de atividade biológica, num ensaio biológico preparatório para a prospecção do solo de Marte (Simmonds et al, 1969). Desde então, a P-CG/EM tem sido uma ferramenta útil na identificação de unidades estruturais da matéria orgânica do solo (Hempfling & Schulten, 1990;Schnitzer & Schulten, 1995), de substâncias húmicas de solos (Schulten & Schnitzer, 1992) e da água (Abbt-Braun, et al, 1989), na avaliação da poluição dos solos (Leeuw et al, 1986 ) e na identificação de mudanças na matéria orgânica pelas práticas de manejo (Preston et al, 1994;Stuczynsk, et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação de características dos ácidos húmicos de resíduos de origem urbana: II. métodos termodegradativos (pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa)

Canellas

Santos

Moraes

et al. 2000

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMOEste trabalho objetivou investigar as principais unidades estruturais de ácidos húmicos obtidos do composto de resíduos sólidos urbano (AH-CRSU) e lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto (AH-LETE) por meio da pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massas. Os ácidos húmicos extraídos do lodo da estação de tratamento de esgotos apresentaram maior quantidade de mono e diaril ésteres de massa mais elevada. Os n-alcanos presentes nos AH-LETE revelaram-se de cadeia mais curta do que nos AH-CRSU. Foram incorporados na estrutura dos AH fragmentos de ftalatos, provavelmente em virtude da contaminação da matéria orgânica por plásticos. Os compostos aromáticos presentes nos AH-LETE originaram-se, principalmente, de derivados do naftaleno e derivados do benzeno com substituição por cadeias alifáticas maiores do que AH-CRSU. Os compostos nitrogenados presentes mostraram-se essencialmente heteroaromáticos e os oxigenados furanos substituídos originados da degradação de carboidratos. Os compostos oxiaromáticos predominantes foram fenóis substituídos.Termos para indexação: matéria orgânica, substâncias húmicas, investigação estrutural.(

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Organic Analysis by Pyrolys is-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry A Candidate Experiment for the Biological Exploration of Mars

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Pyrolysis-GC analyses of the recent cyanobacterial mats reacted with H2S under mild condition.

Pyrolysis-GC analyses of the recent cyanobacterial mats reacted with H2S under mild condition.

Molecular, isotopic and in situ analytical approaches to the study of meteoritic organic material

Avaliação de características dos ácidos húmicos de resíduos de origem urbana: II. métodos termodegradativos (pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa)

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