Organic aerogel as electro‐catalytic support in low‐temperature fuel cell

Abstract

Fuel cells have been developed efficiently in recent years as a secure and highenergy conversion technology. The innovation in electrocatalysis focuses on initiatives to minimize or replace Pt electrodes used. As an alternative, organic aerogel materials are normally used as electrodes in low temperature fuel cells due to their high electronic conducting and electrocatalytic characteristics. These are usually characterized by fundamental functional elements of strong covalent C-C bonds from organic precursors. This review will mainly focus on organic aerogel nanomaterials related to carbon aerogels, carbon nanotube aerogels, and graphene aerogels as electrocatalytic supports by surface modification or structural features in catalysis. In contrast, organic aerogel materials prove to be durable, economical, and active electrocatalysts that can provide outstanding electrocatalytic efficiency in low temperature fuel cell applications. Last, this paper recaps the challenges faced in current fuel cell applications and the use of organic aerogel materials to address these challenges.

Hybrid polymer gels for energy applications

“…In a recent review, polymeric aerogel nanomaterials including carbon nanotube and graphene acting as good electrocatalytic supports are briefly discussed for their durability, and active electrocatalysis particularly in low-temperature fuel cell applications. 82…”

“…In a recent review, polymeric aerogel nanomaterials including carbon nanotube and graphene acting as good electrocatalytic supports are briey discussed for their durability, and active electrocatalysis particularly in low-temperature fuel cell applications. 82 In summary, hybrid polymer gels are much used in making efficient and stable fuel cell membranes suitable for the conductance of ions and are also used as the catalyst for the electrode processes such as HER, OER, and ORR processes. The sol-gel process was efficiently used to dope SiO 2 , and TiO 2 NPs into the Naon membranes exhibiting increased fuel cell performance from pure Naon by increasing the number of water storage sites facilitating continuous proton conductive pathways through the mesoporous structure.…”

Mechanisms and factors affecting the removal of minocycline from aqueous solutions using graphene-modified resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels

“…They are suitable for specific constructional, electrical, medical, and environmental applications because of their unique properties 42 , 43 . A novel class of integrated aerogels may now be synthesized thanks to organic precursors that can create stable covalently linked (C–C) organic polymers 44 . Resorcinol formaldehyde (RF), recognized as a prominent organic aerogel, is created by sequentially polymerizing resorcinol and formaldehyde with a catalyst in an aqueous environment, typically alkaline and occasionally acidic 40 .…”

Resorcinol Formaldehyde Aerogels Modified with Graphene for the Removal of Minocycline Antibiotics from Aqueous Solutions: Mechanisms and Influencing Factors

“…They are suitable for speci c constructional, electrical, medical, and environmental applications because of their unique properties [23,24]. A novel class of integrated aerogels may now be synthesized thanks to organic precursors that can create stable covalently linked (C-C) organic polymers [25].…”