Organic Acids in Plant Tissues

Pucher, George W.; Wakeman, Alfred J.; Vickery, Hubert Bradford

doi:10.1021/i560092a017

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Beet tissue and expressed sap contain considerable quantities of organic acids which were investigated by the methods developed by Pucher, Wakeman & Vickery (1941) and also by methods slightly modified from these. Sap acidified to /)H i by sulphuric acid was extracted continuously…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Relations of Plant Cells

Bennet‐Clark

Bexon

1943

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Relations of Plant Cells

Bennet‐Clark

Bexon

1943

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Various conflicting theories based on too little quantitative evidence were offered to explain these differences (4). The more recent quantitative methods (7,8) have produced two generally accepted conclusions: first, that with all nitrate supply more organic acid production occurs than with part or all ammonium supply (5,13,14); and, second, that cation content is directly correlated with organic acid content (6,12). A recent paper (1) attempts to relate these two conclusions by determining whether the effects of different N sources on organic acids of cotton are produced as part of the difference in N assimilation or as the result of their different ionic properties as affecting cation-anion balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in an all nitrate solution, and also in a j NO3 to j NH4 solution. Thus the material represented plants grown under a wide range of cations and of forms of nitrogen supply.Comparable leaves from these trees had been previously analyzed for mineral content, and determinations for total organic acid and oxalic acid content were made essentially as described by PUCHER et al (7,8), using a Goldfisch extraction apparatus and a Beckman pH meter calibrated at pH 2.6 and 8.0 with appropriate standard buffers. It was found that an organic acid fraction that deteriorated rapidly in alkaline solution was present in the ether extract of tung leaves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of the Form of Nitrogen and the Amount of Base Supply on the Organic Acids of Tung Leaves

Gilbert¹,

Shear²,

Gropp³

1951

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent research (10) on the nutrition of the tung plant has demonstrated a close relationship betwen cation uptake and the form of nitrogen supplied. For example, tung seedlings grown with all or part of the nitrogen supplied as the ammonium salt have a lower calcium requirement for optimal growth than do those supplied with only nitrate as the nitrogen source. It has been demonstrated that a close relationship exists in the tung plant between the growth of the tree and the balance of the cations supplied (9). It was the purpose of the present investigation to determine if the form of nitrogen and ratios of cations supplied affect the production of anions within the plant, particularly the organic acids. MethodsOven-dried, midshoot leaves were available from the 1947 experiments on nutrient balance of tung (10). These one year old seedlings had been grown in sand culture in a factorial experiment with three levels of Mg and K (0.5, 2, and 4 millimoles/l.) and three ratios of nitrate N to ammonium N (all NO3; i NO3 to i NH4; i NO3 to i NH4). In a supplementary experiment, the highest levels of K and Mg of the main experiment were supplied with three levels of calcium (0.4, 2, and 5.7 millimoles/l.) in an all nitrate solution, and also in a j NO3 to j NH4 solution. Thus the material represented plants grown under a wide range of cations and of forms of nitrogen supply.Comparable leaves from these trees had been previously analyzed for mineral content, and determinations for total organic acid and oxalic acid content were made essentially as described by PUCHER et al. (7,8), using a Goldfisch extraction apparatus and a Beckman pH meter calibrated at pH 2.6 and 8.0 with appropriate standard buffers. It was found that an organic acid fraction that deteriorated rapidly in alkaline solution was present in the ether extract of tung leaves. This necessitated keeping the extract in ether until within an hour of the time the titrations were made. The ether extract was made alkaline, then the ether was quickly evaporated, the solution cooled, made acid, and the titrations made immediately after adjustment to pH 8.0.The data obtained were calculated as milliequivalents of H per gram of dried leaf, and the difference between the total organic acids by titration and the oxalic acid by permanganate oxidation was calculated as non-oxalic acid fraction. The data for the total and non-oxalic acid fractions are GILBERT ET AL.: ORGANIC ACIDS OF TUNG LEAVESpurely comparative since a proper correction factor (7) was not established for the unknown acids. Oxalic acid was isolated from tung leaves and identified by the formation and melting points of the monohydrate and p-toluidide. The relationships between these three fractions and the treatments supplied the plants were examined in two ways. The organic acid data were tested by analysis of variance for the main effects and interactions of the factorial treatments in the main and supplementary experiments. Multiple regression (11) was used to test for relationships between the organi...

show abstract

“…The usual procedure for the extraction of the acids from fruit (Pucher, Wakeman & Vickery, 1941) is.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination and isolation of the organic acids in fruit

Isherwood

1946

Biochemical Journal

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new method has been evolved which will separate quantitatively many of the acids commonly found in fruit and if necessary can be readily modified so as to allow the constituent acids to be isolated in a relatively pure state and identified. The essential steps in the procedure are the extraction of the acids from an acidified extract of fruit by 50 % (v/v) n-butanol-chloroform, the preparation of a concentrated solution of the acids in 50 % (v/v) tert-amyl alcohol-chloroforni and their final separation and analysis using a modified partition chromatogram. In each of these steps a column procedure has been used on account of its convenience, mild treatment of the organic acids concerned, and the ease with which the acids can be handled quantitatively. It is necessary to concentrate the dilute solution of the acids to at least 5-10 mg./ml. so that the separation of the acids on the chromatogram will be sharp. The addition of an equivalent amount of the acids in dilute solution gives unsatisfactory separations.In the present study the partition chromatogram used is a very much modified version of that devised by Martin & Synge (1941), the most noteworthy change being the replacement of the aqueous solution of indicator by 0-5N-H2SO4. The bands are then revealed by continuously feeding a small amount of an aqueous solution of an indicator into the solvent emerging from the bottom of the column. 0-5N-H2SO4 is used instead of water in order to depress the ionization of acids such as oxalic and fumaric which would otherwise give very wide bands owing to the rapid increase in the partition coefficient with dilution. EXPERIMENTAL ReagentsPreparation of silica gel. Silica gel prepared from water glass by the method of Gordon, Martin & Synge (1943) has proved to be unsuitable as a supporting medium for the aqueous phase ofthe chromatogram because ofits adsorptive properties, e.g. in the case of oxalic acid the adsorbed acid is held so firmly that it cannot be extracted from the column even if a large volume of solvent is used. Very pure silica gel (Kargin & Rabinovitch, 1935) shows similar properties which suggests that the adsorption is connected with the structure of the gel and not with the presence of impurities.The method described in the present paper for the preparation of a non-adsorbent gel is based upon the fact that treatment with ION-HCl at room temperature for about a day eliminates the ability to adsorb organic acids.The actual procedure consists of three operations.(1) Silica gel substantially free from AIII" and FeIII is prepared from water glass by precipitation with lON-HCl. A large excess of HCI is used and the gel thoroughly washed with 10 N-HCI in order to remove all but traces of All" and Fe"'. Analysis of a dry gel indicated that 0004 and 0.0002 % of Al and Fe respectively remained.(2) The dry gel is allowed to stand for at least 2 weeks. This is necessary because many freshly prepared gels, while showing no adsorptive properties at first, rapidly change in the course of a few days to give gels ...

show abstract

Organic Acids in Plant Tissues

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Water Relations of Plant Cells

Water Relations of Plant Cells

The Effects of the Form of Nitrogen and the Amount of Base Supply on the Organic Acids of Tung Leaves

The determination and isolation of the organic acids in fruit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About