Organelle Size and Number in Fertile and T-Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Corn

Lee, Sheu‐Ling Janet; Warmke, H. E.

doi:10.2307/2442516

Cited by 96 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…The very high metabolic activity of these cells is reflected in the number of mitochondria present. Tapetal cells have about twice the number of mitochondria as sporogenous cells and about 40 times the number of mitochondria as most maize somatic tissues (Lee and Warmke, 1979). The tapetal layers of N and cms-T lines are similar; however, cms-T lines have a consistently greater frequency of cells that are bi-nucleate versus uni-nucleate and, uni-nucleate tapetal nuclei of cms-T lines contain a higher level of DNA than their fertile counterparts (Figs.…”

Section: Of the Tapetummentioning

confidence: 97%

The Genetics, Pathology, and Molecular Biology of T-Cytoplasm Male Sterility in Maize

Wise

Bronson

Schnable

et al. 1999

Advances in Agronomy

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This chapter reviews the genetics, pathology, and molecular biology of T-cytoplasm male sterility in maize. The chapter discusses the role of cytoplasmic male sterility systems in facilitating the production of hybrid seeds. The effects of widespread planting of T-cytoplasm maize on the severe 1970 epidemic and effect of a mitochondria1 gene on disease susceptibility and male sterility are discussed. It also discusses the involvement of nuclear cytoplasmic interactions in restoration of cms-T, the perspectives of cms-T researchers, and future directions. In cms-T plants, male sterility is associated with premature breakdown of the mitochondria-rich, tapetal cell layer of the anther; this layer is crucial to pollen production because it supplies nutrients to the developing microspores. In many species, cms is associated with the expression of novel open-reading frames in the mitochondrial genome. The studies provided a foundation for further research that resulted in the cloning of the T-urf13 and Rf2 genes from maize and the ChPKSl gene from C. heterostrophus, and the generation of models for the topology of urf13 in the inner mitochondrial membrane, Rfl-mediated processing of T-urfl3 transcripts, and the evolution of toxin biosynthesis in C. heterostrophus and M. zeae-maydis. Disciplines Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Botany | Plant Breeding and Genetics | Plant Pathology CommentsThis is a chapter from Advances in Agronomy 65 (1999): 79,

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Section: Of the Tapetummentioning

confidence: 97%

The Genetics, Pathology, and Molecular Biology of T-Cytoplasm Male Sterility in Maize

Wise

Bronson

Schnable

et al. 1999

Advances in Agronomy

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“…Its rapid growth consumes tremendous amounts of energy. Pollen grains have been shown to have roughly 20 times the level of mitochondria as other plant tissues, a possible adaptation to the high energy demand in pollen coupled to the rapid growth of the pollen tube (Lee and Warmke, 1979). Furthermore, the F O F 1 -ATPase activity of lily pollen is several times higher than bulb and leaf tissues (Itoh and Sekiya, 1994).…”

Section: Nad(p)h/nad(p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory Growth in Lily Pollen Tubes Does Not Require Aerobic Energy Metabolism

et al. 2009

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Oscillatory tip growth in pollen tubes depends on prodigious amounts of energy. We have tested the hypothesis that oscillations in the electron transport chain lead to growth oscillations in lily (Lilium formosanum). Using three respiratory inhibitors, oligomycin, antimycin A, and cyanide, we find that pollen tube growth is much less sensitive to respiratory inhibition than respiration is. All three block respiration at concentrations severalfold lower than necessary to inhibit growth. Mitochondrial NAD(P)H and potentiometric JC-1 fluorescence, employed as markers for electron transport chain activity, rise rapidly in response to oligomycin, as expected. Pollen tube growth stops for several minutes before resuming. Subsequent growth has a lower mean rate, but continues to oscillate, albeit with a longer period. NAD(P)H fluorescence no longer exhibits coherent oscillations, and mitochondria no longer congregate directly behind the apex: they distribute evenly throughout the cell. Postinhibition growth relies on aerobic fermentation for energy production as revealed by an increase in ethanol in the media. These data suggest that oscillatory growth depends not on a single oscillatory pacemaker but rather is an emergent property arising from a number of stable limit cycles.

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“…Pollen tube growth rate can reach 1 cm/h in maize (Zea mays), and pollen respires 10 times faster than vegetative tissue (Dickinson, 1965;Tadege and Kuhlemeier, 1997;Taylor and Hepler, 1997). Pollen development in the anther and the growth of the pollen tube are highly energydemanding processes, and pollen contains ;20 times more mitochondria per cell than normal vegetative tissues in maize (Lee and Warmke, 1979). The key mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, was shown to be present at high levels in pollen (Thelen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyruvate Decarboxylase Provides Growing Pollen Tubes with a Competitive Advantage in Petunia

et al. 2005

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Rapid pollen tube growth places unique demands on energy production and biosynthetic capacity. The aim of this work is to understand how primary metabolism meets the demands of such rapid growth. Aerobically grown pollen produce ethanol in large quantities. The ethanolic fermentation pathway consists of two committed enzymes: pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Because adh mutations do not affect male gametophyte function, the obvious question is why pollen synthesize an abundant enzyme if they could do just as well without. Using transposon tagging in Petunia hybrida, we isolated a null mutant in pollen-specific Pdc2. Growth of the mutant pollen tubes through the style is reduced, and the mutant allele shows reduced transmission through the male, when in competition with wild-type pollen. We propose that not ADH but rather PDC is the critical enzyme in a novel, pollen-specific pathway. This pathway serves to bypass pyruvate dehydrogenase enzymes and thereby maintain biosynthetic capacity and energy production under the unique conditions prevailing during pollen-pistil interaction.

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Organelle Size and Number in Fertile and T-Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Corn

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

The Genetics, Pathology, and Molecular Biology of T-Cytoplasm Male Sterility in Maize

The Genetics, Pathology, and Molecular Biology of T-Cytoplasm Male Sterility in Maize

Oscillatory Growth in Lily Pollen Tubes Does Not Require Aerobic Energy Metabolism

Pyruvate Decarboxylase Provides Growing Pollen Tubes with a Competitive Advantage in Petunia

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