Organ weight, intestinal morphology, and fasting whole-body oxygen consumption in growing pigs fed diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles alone or in combination with a multienzyme supplement1,2

Abstract

The effects of adding a multienzyme complex to a diet containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from a 1:1 mixture of corn and wheat on visceral organ weight, intestinal morphology, and fasting whole-body oxygen consumption (FWBOC) were investigated in growing pigs in a 28-d trial. Twenty-four pigs (BW = 19.9 ± 0.5 kg) were individually housed in floor pens and randomly assigned to 3 experimental diets (8 pigs per diet). The diets contained corn and soybean meal with 0% (control) or 30% DDGS (DDGS diet); the third diet was supplemented with a multienzyme complex in addition to the 30% DDGS (DDGS + enzyme diet). All diets had similar nutrient concentrations and met the 1998 NRC nutrient requirements for growing pigs. Pigs were fed at 4% of their BW once daily. On d 15, 4 pigs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected for measurement of FWBOC during the 24- to 30-h postprandial period using an open-circuit indirect calorimeter. At the end of the study, pigs were killed to determine visceral organ weights, ileal and cecal digesta viscosity, and intestinal morphology. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary treatment on final BW, WBFOC, or digesta viscosity. Empty BW of pigs fed the control diet was heavier (P = 0.02) than that of pigs fed the DDGS diet, but the empty BW of pigs fed the DDGS + enzyme diet was not different (P > 0.05) from that of pigs fed the control or DDGS diet. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in empty BW of liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, stomach, small intestine, and cecum among dietary treatments on a per kilogram basis. However, pigs fed the DDGS diet had heavier (P < 0.05) colon plus rectum and portal-drained viscera (PDV) than pigs fed the control diet, but weights of colon plus rectum and PDV in pigs fed the DDGS + enzyme diet were not different (P > 0.05) from those of pigs fed the control diet. Although morphological data showed no differences (P > 0.05) in the duodenum, jejunum, and colon segments among dietary treatments, the DDGS diet tended to decrease (P < 0.10) villous height and villous height to crypt depth in the ileum. The results of this experiment indicated that pigs fed a diet containing 30% DDGS have reduced dressing percentage and increased visceral organ mass compared with pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet. However, the addition of a multienzyme complex to the DDGS diet resulted in pigs having a dressing percentage and visceral organ mass that are not different from those of pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet.

Effect of supplementing a fibrous diet with a xylanase and β-glucanase blend on growth performance, intestinal glucose uptake, and transport-associated gene expression in growing pigs1

“…The growth rate and BW of pigs fed the HF diet decreased in the present study, which concurs with previous results in pigs (Anugwa et al, 1989;Pond et al, 1989;Jørgensen et al, 1996). Feed intake, however, was not negatively affected when pigs were fed the HF diet in the present study, which is consistent with our previous studies (Agyekum et al, 2012(Agyekum et al, , 2014 using such HF diets. However, like growth rate, feed efficiency decreased when pigs were fed the HF diet, indicating an increase in energy re quirement for maintenance purposes at the expense of body growth in pigs offered the HF diet (Nyachoti et al, 2000;Montagne et al, 2004).…”

“…High-fiber (HF) diets decrease energy and nutri ent utilization in pigs due to the lack of the enzymes necessary to break down dietary fiber (Owusu-Asie du et al, 2006) and are known to increase intesti nal mass Jørgensen et al, 1996;Agyekum et al, 2012) and intestinal cell prolifera tion and to alter intestinal morphology in pigs (Jin et al, 1994;Brunsgaard, 1998). These changes coupled with the increased endogenous nutrient losses asso Effect of supplementing a fibrous diet with a xylanase and β-glucanase blend on growth performance, intestinal glucose uptake, and transport-associated gene expression in growing pigs 1 ciated with feeding HF diets constitute a significant nutritional and metabolic cost to the pig (Nyachoti et al, 2000).…”

Effects of formulating growing pig diet with increasing levels of wheat‐corn distillers dried grains with solubles on digestible nutrient basis on growth performance and nutrient digestibility

“…This impairment in growth appeared to be associated with the decline in faecal DM and energy digestibilities observed as dietary wcDDGS increased from 0% to 30%. Further, an increase in maintenance energy requirement due to a possible increase in the gut mass of the pigs fed the wcDDGS‐containing diets may also account for some of the growth depression observed with increasing dietary wcDDGS levels (Agyekum et al., ) as overall ADFI was not affected in the present study. These hypotheses are supported by the observed tendency (p = 0.07; Table ) for overall feed efficiency to linearly decrease with increasing levels of dietary wcDDGS inclusion up to 30%.…”

“…Taken together, the preceding premises suggest that ingestion of high‐fibre diets does not only decrease energy and nutrient digestibility but also increase the net energy for maintenance (NE m ), thereby decreasing the net energy retained for growth (NE g ). Our previous study (Agyekum et al., ) also suggests that feeding pigs diets containing DDGS increases visceral organ mass. Thus, it can be surmised that the decline in the growth rate of pigs fed the diets containing increasing levels of wcDDGS observed in the present study may also be due to an increase in NE m as a result of visceral organ hypertrophy.…”

Nutritional evaluation of distiller's dried grain with soluble as replacement to soybean meal in diets of milkfish, Chanos chanos and its effect on fish performance and intestinal morphology

“…Intestinal morphological changes in fish brought about by dietary inclusion of DDGS are not well documented in literature. However, most animal studies reported unaltered ileal and caecal digesta viscosities in growing pigs (Agyekum, Slominski, & Nyachoti, ) and improved broiler intestinal morphology (Min et al., ) when DDGS was used as a dietary ingredient. In the present study, pathohistological changes in the intestines were absent in fish fed all the dietary treatments.…”