Organ-specific restriction of transcription in mammalian chromatin

Paul, John; Gilmour, Raymond

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(68)90255-6

Cited by 542 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The most recent studies of chromatin structure indicate that histones are also involved in the packaging of the genome (Kornberg, 1977;Felsenfeld, 1978). On the other hand, nonhistone chromatin proteins (NHCP), or nonhistone nuclear proteins (NHNP), may be involved both in the maintenance of the genome and the regulation of genetic expression (e.g., Paul and Gilmour, 1968;Teng et al, 1971;Wang and Kostraba, 1975;Stein et al, 1976). Several lines of evidence (e.g., Gilmour and Paul, 1973;Chiu and Hnilica, 1978;Tsai et al, 1976) have indicated that the highly heterogeneous and tissuespecific NHCP dictate the functional properties of genetic expression.…”

Section: Electrophoretic Profiles Of Nonhistone Nuclear Proteins Of Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic profiles of nonhistone nuclear proteins of human hearts with muscular subaortic stenosis.

Liew¹,

Sole²,

Silver³

et al. 1980

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY Muscular subaortic stenosis (MSS) is a genetically determined cardiomyopathy, whereas right ventricular infundibular hypertrophy (IH) apparently is an acquired condition. Since genetic expression in eukaryotic cells may be regulated primarily by DNA-associated proteins, we isolated and characterized the proteins of heart nuclei from nine patients with MSS, eight with IH, and two with normal (N) hearts. More than 150 proteins could be identified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins in the entire region from pH 7.0 to 9.0 with molecular weights (M r ) ranging from 35,000 to 41,000 and a protein focusing from pH 5.2 to 5.3 with M r of 55,000 were strikingly reduced in MSS. Again the electrophoretic patterns of N and IH were similar. The electrophoretic patterns of nonhistone nuclear protein (NHNP) in MSS relative to N showed a striking resemblance to those demonstrated previously for the early stage (myolytic phase) of hamster cardiomyopathy relative to the matched control. Since NHNP interacting with DNA appears to play a major role in genetic expression, it is possible that some of the manifestations of MSS could be due to different components of NHNP in the affected hearts. Circ Res 46: 513-519, 1980

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Section: Electrophoretic Profiles Of Nonhistone Nuclear Proteins Of Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic profiles of nonhistone nuclear proteins of human hearts with muscular subaortic stenosis.

Liew¹,

Sole²,

Silver³

et al. 1980

Circulation Research

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“…The use of heterologous RNA polymerase has been considered reliable for our purpose, since there are no significant differences, with the exception of ribosomal Finally, the transcription has been synchronized by rifampicin to avoid artefacts of reinitiation. All previous attempts to characteriLe the sequences transcribed by chromatin in vitro have been performed in experimental conditions which allow only the product of reiterated regions of DNA to be detected [6,30,31]. By contrast, we attempted to investigate mainly the presence of rare sequences expressed in vitro, as well as those of the family of repetitive sequences.…”

Section: Specificity Of Hybrid Formedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive and Non-repetitive Sequences in the Transcript in vitro of Porcine Thyroid Chromatin

1977

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Purified pig thyroid chromatin has been transcribed in vitro with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The transcript, analyzed by DNA‐RNA hybridization, shows two major kinetic components: 40% of the transcript is copied by repetitive sequences present 100 times per haploid genome; another 25% anneals to DNA with a rate constant Kh 10−4 M · s−1, typical of single‐copy sequences. The transcript annealed at cot= 40 M · s to fractions of 2000‐nucleotide DNA, when banded in neutral CsCl gradient only hybridizes to the heavy side of the main band. At cot= 300 M · s. another hybridizing fraction appears on the light side of the main band of the gradient. The reassociation properties of these fractions show that the heavy DNA fraction is reiterated about 100 times per haploid genome, whereas the light DNA appears as a unique sequence, associated to small repetitive elements. The transcript, analyzed by formamide/sucrose gradient, shows two peaks with sedimentation coefficients of 10 S and 4 S, respectively. The 10‐S RNA, hybridized to native 2000‐nucleotide‐length DNA, has a Kh of 10−4 M · s−1 and a cot1/2 of 103 M · s, typical of single‐copy sequences.

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“…c) The chromatin was prepared according to Paul and Gilmour [28], the chromatin proteins were extracted in 3 M NaC1, 7 M urea [29] and they were fractionated by diethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)-aminoethylSephadex A-50 chromatography (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Further Studies Of Nuclear Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ahsence of the inducedprotein among acidic andhistonepr-oteins. These were obtained by extracting chromatin with 3 M NaCI, 7 M urea [28] followed by chromatography or electrophoresis, (A) Diethyl(2-hydroxypropy1)aminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. Histones are not retained (first peak).…”

Section: A Time-course Study Of Total Protein Synthesis In Uterus Ovementioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid‐Induced Early Protein Synthesis in Rat Uterus and Prostate

Pennequin

Röbel

Baulieu

1975

European Journal of Biochemistry

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An early ‘induced protein’, after exposure of the rat uterus to estradiol, is detected among the soluble proteins with a double‐labelling technique and electrophoretic fractionation. Efforts have been directed to establish the subcellular distribution of the induced protein, since such a protein, observable 1 h after hormone administration, may play an important role in the subsequent amplified responses, especially in terms of RNA synthesis. Moreover such an early discrete induced protein was sought in a comparable system responding to another hormone, namely prostate and seminal vesicles under androgens. The induced protein was not found in uterine nuclei of 21‐day‐old rats after 1 h of estradiol action in vivo and 1 h of tissue incubation with labelled leucine. This negative result summarizes a search among different nuclear protein fractions using various procedures; nor was induced protein observed in mitochondrial and microsomal pellets. Contrary to these negative findings, slight changes of histone labelling were observed under the experimental conditions used to demonstrate induced protein. In addition histone acetylation was increased after 1 h of estradiol action in vivo and 15 min tissue labelling in vitro with radioactive acetate. Furthermore, an increase in total protein synthesis between 0 and 2 h after estradiol action was observed, the relative increase of incorporation of radioactive leucine into protein of estradiol‐treated vs non‐stimulated uteri being corrected for variations of the acid‐soluble radioactive leucine pool. Attempts to obtain an early and discrete induced protein with androgens in prostate and seminal vesicles of immature or castrated rats after different times of exposure to testosterone, androstanolone and estradiol have been unsuccessful. The contribution of both negative and positive findings in steroid‐induced early protein synthesis is discussed in the context of the current knowledge of hormone action.

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Organ-specific restriction of transcription in mammalian chromatin

Cited by 542 publications

References 13 publications

Electrophoretic profiles of nonhistone nuclear proteins of human hearts with muscular subaortic stenosis.

Electrophoretic profiles of nonhistone nuclear proteins of human hearts with muscular subaortic stenosis.

Repetitive and Non-repetitive Sequences in the Transcript in vitro of Porcine Thyroid Chromatin

Steroid‐Induced Early Protein Synthesis in Rat Uterus and Prostate

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