Organ-specific regulation of growth-defense tradeoffs by plants

Smakowska, Elwira; Kong, Jixiang; Busch, Wolfgang; Belkhadir, Youssef

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2015.12.005

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…This modulation is sensitive to the changes in the light spectrum associated with neighbour proximity, which may have important implications for the regulation of defence responses in crops (Ballaré et al ). Given the heightened interest in tradeoffs between plant growth and defence (Yang et al ; Leone et al ; Shyu & Brutnell ; Campos et al ; Cerrudo et al ; Havko et al ; Kliebenstein ; Smakowska et al ), and the realization that photoreceptors play a key role feeding proximity information into the signalling mechanisms that make adaptive decisions in the face of these tradeoffs, we expect that a major challenge in future research will be to elucidate the mechanisms by which photoreceptors control defence signalling pathways.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shade‐avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences

Ballaré

Pierik

2017

Plant Cell & Environment

394

417

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Plants use photoreceptor proteins to detect the proximity of other plants and to activate adaptive responses. Of these photoreceptors, phytochrome B (phyB), which is sensitive to changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio of sunlight, is the one that has been studied in greatest detail. The molecular connections between the proximity signal (low R:FR) and a model physiological response (increased elongation growth) have now been mapped in considerable detail in Arabidopsis seedlings. We briefly review our current understanding of these connections and discuss recent progress in establishing the roles of other photoreceptors in regulating growth-related pathways in response to competition cues. We also consider processes other than elongation that are controlled by photoreceptors and contribute to plant fitness under variable light conditions, including photoresponses that optimize the utilization of soil resources. In examining recent advances in the field, we highlight emerging roles of phyB as a major modulator of hormones related to plant immunity, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA). Recent attempts to manipulate connections between light signals and defence in Arabidopsis suggest that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shade‐avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences

Ballaré

Pierik

2017

Plant Cell & Environment

394

417

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“…Yet the mechanisms underlying stress‐induced changes in microtubule and CSC organization, their crosstalk with cellular signaling messengers, and broad cellular implications remain elusive, especially upon biotic stress (Kesten et al , ). This knowledge would be particularly relevant at the root level considering the essential role of this organ in nutrient uptake and response to abiotic and biotic stresses (Zamioudis et al , ; Feng et al , ; Smakowska et al , ; Morris et al , ). In this study, we use the Arabidopsis‐Fo5176 pathosystem to characterize plant responses to microbes at a cellular level and how these influence plant adaptation to biotic stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen‐inducedpHchanges regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

et al. 2019

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Environmental adaptation of organisms relies on fast perception and response to external signals, which lead to developmental changes. Plant cell growth is strongly dependent on cell wall remodeling. However, little is known about cell wall‐related sensing of biotic stimuli and the downstream mechanisms that coordinate growth and defense responses. We generated genetically encoded pH sensors to determine absolute pH changes across the plasma membrane in response to biotic stress. A rapid apoplastic acidification by phosphorylation‐based proton pump activation in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum immediately reduced cellulose synthesis and cell growth and, furthermore, had a direct influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus. In addition, pH seems to influence cellulose structure. All these effects were dependent on the COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE proteins that are thus at the nexus of plant growth and defense. Hence, our discoveries show a remarkable connection between plant biomass production, immunity, and pH control, and advance our ability to investigate the plant growth‐defense balance.

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“…Facing challenges from both abiotic and biotic stresses, plants require sensors to perceive external signals and a signaling pathway that leads to transcriptional activation through DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs). Control over which pathway in the broader plant signaling network is activated is crucial to produce the correct response and to prevent misallocation in energy production [1, 2]. One example of a finely-tuned network can be seen in plant defense signaling pathways, where successful recognition of a pathogen modulates the output of defense genes that are transcribed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEDIATOR18 and MEDIATOR20 confer susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2017

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The conserved protein complex known as Mediator conveys transcriptional signals by acting as an intermediary between transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. As a result, Mediator subunits play multiple roles in regulating developmental as well as abiotic and biotic stress pathways. In this report we identify the head domain subunits MEDIATOR18 and MEDIATOR20 as important susceptibility factors for Fusarium oxysporum infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutants of MED18 and MED20 display down-regulation of genes associated with jasmonate signaling and biosynthesis while up-regulation of salicylic acid associated pathogenesis related genes and reactive oxygen producing and scavenging genes. We propose that MED18 and MED20 form a sub-domain within Mediator that controls the balance of salicylic acid and jasmonate associated defense pathways.

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Organ-specific regulation of growth-defense tradeoffs by plants

Cited by 69 publications

References 101 publications

The shade‐avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences

The shade‐avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences

Pathogen‐inducedpHchanges regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

MEDIATOR18 and MEDIATOR20 confer susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis thaliana

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