Orf Nodule with Erythema Multiforme during a Monkeypox Outbreak, France, 2022

Abstract

MPXV from infected deer mice. Overall, shedding, as suggested by the presence of MPXV DNA in swab extracts, was readily detectable in deer mice inoculated with either clade II virus at day 4, but we noted decreasing levels of positivity by day 10. Shedding of MPXV/V79-1-005 (clade 1) was far less than that of either of the clade II viruses we evaluated (Table ).Our study suggests that these rodents may support a short-term but abortive infection with at least clade II MPXV isolates, although with limited capacity to spread. Given the short duration of infection, these animals probably do not represent a viable enzootic reservoir for MPXV. Further studies should be conducted on other rodents in North America and Europe to assess their competency as vectors or reservoirs of MPXV. Particular interest should be given to Rattus species rodents that may frequently come into contact with medical waste containing viable MPXV.

Finger nodules with a papulovesicular hands and feet eruption: a complicated human Orf virus infection

“…As differential diagnosis, several clinical conditions should be considered as pyoderma, herpetic whitlow, cowpox, monkeypox, pseudocowpox (milker’s nodule), cat-scratch disease, anthrax, tularaemia, primary inoculation TB, atypical mycobacteriosis, syphilitic chancre, sporotrichosis and keratoacanthoma [ 16 ]. Because of the global spread of the monkeypox virus and its clinical similarity with Orf, an accurate anamnesis is essential, especially when laboratory tests are not available and must include a collection of exposures to possible zoonoses and other risk factors (such as sexual contact) [ 17 , 18 ]. Monkeypox and Orf lesions can be similar, but ORFV infection can be suspected because of contact with infected animals, localized lesions in the point of contact (usually hands) and the absence of systemic symptoms like fever, which is common in Monkeypox.…”

“…Monkeypox and Orf lesions can be similar, but ORFV infection can be suspected because of contact with infected animals, localized lesions in the point of contact (usually hands) and the absence of systemic symptoms like fever, which is common in Monkeypox. Systemic symptoms like lymphadenitis fever, headaches, and malaise are often associated with pathologies considered in the differential diagnosis such as Monkeypox, cat-scratch disease, tularaemia, anthrax, and cowpox virus [ 18 – 22 ].…”

Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in common human poxvirus infections during mpox outbreak: A dermoscopy review

“…Human infection with Orf virus also exhibits skin lesions similar to mpox clinically and should be considered a differential diagnosis of mpox. 13 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 Orf (also known as contagious ecthyma) are usually solitary lesions, that are passed through six clinical stages including maculopapular, target, acute, regenerative, papilloma, and regression stages. Orf lesions are usually involved in the dorsal aspect of hands and fingers, and other sites can also be involved.…”

Human orf virus (family Poxviridae) infection following a lamb bite in Hungary

“…There is a lack of systematic statistical data about the current prevalence and seroepidemiology of orf virus in livestock and the endemic and epidemic status of the virus in European countries. Descriptions of a few individual sporadic human cases [ 2 , 5 – 9 ] has drawn attention to the fact that orf virus infection is probably underdiagnosed in both animals and humans.…”

“…Phylogenomics could improve our understanding of the evolutionary divergence of orf viruses from sheep from those from goats. Based on the results of the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, which is traditionally performed on two regions (ORF011/B2L and ORF020/VIR) of the orf virus genome [ 4 , 9 , 10 ], the human strain Baja/2023/HUN showed the closest relationship to orf viruses originating from sheep. An attempt to obtain test samples from the affected and diseased sheep through the animal health authority was not successful.…”