Oregano Feed Supplementation Affects Glycoconjugates Production in Swine Gut

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of adding oregano aqueous extract (OAE) to the diet of pig slaughtered at finisher stage. Study was performed to identify glycoconjugates and evaluate the oxidative stress levels in the duodenum and colon intestinal tracts. Glycohistochemistry was performed by staining with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, AB-PAS, AB pH 1, AB pH 0.5, low iron diamine, and high iron diamine. Serial sections were pre-treated with sialidase V before staining with AB pH 2.5 (Sial-AB) preceded or not by saponification. To study oxidative stress, an immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the presence of the oxidative stress target molecule Bcl-2 Associate X protein (BAX). Findings show that oregano aqueous extract supplementation improves the production of the secretion glycoconjugates involved in direct and indirect defense, thus enhancing the protection of the pig intestinal mucosa. Moreover, the reduced BAX protein immunostaining observed in both duodenum and colon of swine of the oregano-supplemented group respect to that observed in the control group suggests an enhanced antioxidant action by oregano adding. Findings could be useful for other studies aiming to reduce antibiotic use and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

A Detailed Study of Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Intestine Revealed That Digestive and Absorptive Functions Are Not Linearly Distributed along Its Length

“…Other sections were stained with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or with Alcian Blue pH 2.5 (AB) for histochemical purposes. Subsequently, new slides, were stained with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)/Alcian Blue pH 2.5 staining kit (Bio Optica, to analyze the overall complex carbohydrates [11,12].…”

Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers

“…In those species, essential oil supplementation increased digestibility, improved pancreatic enzymes’ activity, changed microbiota, impacted the absorption of amino acids in the intestines, and, consequently, feed conversion rate [ 27 – 29 ]. The supplementation also increases immunoglobulins levels and immune response [ 30 ], decreases specify pathogens concentrations in feces [ 31 , 32 ] and presented an insecticidal [ 33 ], acaricidal and antioxidant effects [ 34 ]. However, there is inconsistent data between other species, probably explained by the complexity of the essential oils’ molecules and differences among the many types of GIT [ 19 ].…”

A morphological, glycohistochemical and ultrastructural study on the stomach of adult Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

“…Heparin and/or heparansulphated-like glycosaminoglycan production can be excluded by the lack of metachromatic response of toluidin blue treated samples. The great amount of glycosaminoglycans draws large quantities of water to form a viscoelastic barrier able to guarantee a good mucosae hydration degree, in addition to protect the epithelial apical membrane from both HCl and peptidase action (Mercati et al 2020;Dall'Aglio et al 2020a). Finally, an important involvement of produced complex carbohydrates in the defense of rainbow trout stomach mucosae from pathogen agents have to be considered; in fact, the several kinds of glycoconjugates could hamper the attach of viruses and/or bacteria to the stomach mucosae, acting as hapten-like sites and enveloping showing the epithelial columnar lining (▲), the gastric pits (↑) and the tubular gastric glands (*).…”

“…For morphological study at optic level, sections were stained with Harris's hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Toluidine Blue (TB) (Melis et al 1992). Complex carbohydrate characterization was performed using the established screening staining procedures, carrying out the following histochemical reactions: Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, AB pH 1, AB/PAS (Pearse 1985;Bancroft & Gamble 2008;Mercati et al 2020). PAS reaction was followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin.…”