Ore genesis of the Wusihe carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit in the Dadu River Valley district, Yangtze Block, SW China: evidence from ore geology, S-Pb isotopes, and sphalerite Rb-Sr dating

Xiong, Suo‐Fei; Gong, Yiming; Jiang, Shao‐Yong; Zhang, Xiaojing; Li, Qian; Guo-ping, Zeng

doi:10.1007/s00126-017-0776-y

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Suxiong Formation is mainly a set of volcanic-sedimentary rocks. The Guanyinya Formation and Dengying Formation are a set of marine sandstone, siliceous and evaporitic carbonate [31,33], respectively. The Cambrian-middle Permian and lower Permian strata mainly consist of carbonate-clastic rock deposits and continental basalt, respectively [31][32][33].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Guanyinya Formation and Dengying Formation are a set of marine sandstone, siliceous and evaporitic carbonate [31,33], respectively. The Cambrian-middle Permian and lower Permian strata mainly consist of carbonate-clastic rock deposits and continental basalt, respectively [31][32][33]. The Ediacaran Dengying Formation is not only the main host of MVT Pb-Zn deposits [7,8,30,36,[38][39][40] but also an important commercially productive source of natural gas in the Sichuan Basin [41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, the relationship among mineralization, paleo-oil reservoir formation, and paleo-gas reservoir formation for the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposits is still not completely clear. Studies on ore fluids [29,30], metallogenic periods [31], ore material sources [32][33][34][35], and metallogenic mechanisms [29,33] have been performed ever since they were discovered. The ore fluids and hydrocarbon fluids originated from different sources; the metal-rich ore fluids migrated into the oil reservoir, where they combined with hydrogen sulfide formed by the processes of TSR and BSR, resulting in Pb-Zn mineralization; this traditional metallogenic model was suggested for the Wusihe MVT Pb-Zn deposits [29,32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Genetic Relationship between Mississippi Valley-Type Pb–Zn Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Wusihe Deposits, Southwestern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coexistence of numerous Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn deposits and oil/gas reservoirs in the world suggests a close genetic relationship between mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation. The Wusihe MVT Pb–Zn deposits are located along the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin. Based on the spatiotemporal relation between Pb–Zn deposits and paleo-oil/gas reservoirs, ore material sources, and processes of mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation, a new genetic relationship between mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation is suggested for these deposits. The Wusihe Pb–Zn deposits are hosted in the Ediacaran Dengying Formation dolostone, accompanied by a large amount of thermally cracked bitumen in the ore bodies. The Pb–Zn deposits and paleo-oil/gas reservoirs are distributed along the paleokarst interface; they overlap spatially, and the ore body occupies the upper part of the paleo-oil/gas reservoirs. Both the Pb–Zn ore and sphalerite are rich in thermally cracked bitumen, in which µm sized galena and sphalerite may be observed, and the contents of lead and zinc in the bitumen are higher than those required for Pb–Zn mineralization. The paleo-oil/gas reservoirs experienced paleo-oil reservoir formation, paleo-gas reservoir generation, and paleo-gas reservoir destruction. The generation time of the paleo-gas reservoirs is similar to the metallogenic time. The source rocks from the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation not only provided oil sources for paleo-oil reservoirs but also provided ore-forming metal elements for mineralization. Liquid oil with abundant ore-forming metals accumulated to form paleo-oil reservoirs with mature organic matter in source rocks. As paleo-oil reservoirs were buried, the oil underwent in situ thermal cracking to form overpressure paleo-gas reservoirs and a large amount of bitumen. Along with the thermal cracking of the oil, the metal elements decoupled from organic matter and H2S formed by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and minor decomposition of the organic matter dissolved in oilfield brine to form the ore fluid. The large-scale Pb–Zn mineralization is mainly related to the destruction of the overpressured paleo-gas reservoir; the sudden pressure relief caused the ore fluid around the gas–water interface to migrate upward into the paleo-gas reservoirs and induced extensive metal sulfide precipitation in the ore fluid, resulting in special spatiotemporal associated or paragenetic relations of galena, sphalerite, and bitumen.

show abstract

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic Relationship between Mississippi Valley-Type Pb–Zn Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Wusihe Deposits, Southwestern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1b; Zhang et al 2015;Zhang et al, 2019aZhang et al, , 2019b). These regional faults commonly control the migration of regional ore-forming fluids, and a series of thrust-fold systems are the primary ore-hosting structures in the SYG, where sulphide orebodies are generally present as strata-bound lenses in bedding-parallel fractures or as pipe-like orebodies (Zhang et al 2015;Xiong et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019aZhang et al, , 2019b. These Zn-Pb deposits were formed at 245-225 Ma, co-temporally with the collision between the Indochina and South China cratons, and the Zn-Pb mineralization is genetically related to the regional-scale migration of basin-related fluids triggered by the late Indosinian orogeny (Hu & Zhou, 2012;Zhang et al 2015).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral textures, mineral chemistry and S isotopes of sulphides from the Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn–Cu deposit in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou triangle: implications for mineralization process

Yang

Chen²,

Qin³

et al. 2022

Geol. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) triangle region are important Indosinian deposits in South China. The Tianbaoshan deposit is a typical large Pb–Zn deposit in the SYG area and occurs as pipe-like type, hosted by Sinian dolostone. It contains ∼26 Mt Zn–Pb ore (7.76–10.09 % Zn, 1.28–1.50 % Pb and 93.6 g t−1 Ag) and >0.1 Mt Cu ore (2.55 % Cu). In this study, the detailed mineral textures, mineral chemical and sulphur isotopic compositions of the various sulphides have been analysed to constrain the abnormal enrichment mechanism and mineralization relationship. Four mineralization stages have been recognized: Stage 1, minor early pyrite (Py1) with relics and infill of intergranular dolomite or quartz grains; Stage 2, Cu mineralization with coarse-grained, elliptical crystal chalcopyrite (Cp1); (3) Stage 3, Zn mineralization with dark fine-grained sphalerite (Sph1) and light coarse-grained sphalerite (Sph2); and (4) Stage 4, as represented by a quartz–calcite assemblage with galena, minor pyrite (Py2) and chalcopyrite (Cp2). The petrography of the sulphide minerals (Py1, Cp1, Sph1 and Sph2) demonstrates a mutual inclusion relationship. The nature of this relationship from core to rim and their similar sulphur isotope values (5.5–8.3 ‰) indicates a single sulphur source, suggesting that the different mineralization types are the result of different stages of a continuous hydrothermal system. Sphalerite geothermometer study suggests that sphalerite in the Tianbaoshan deposit formed in a low-temperature (<200 °C) hydrothermal system. The low concentrations of Mn and In, low In/Ge ratios and high Fe/Cd ratios in the sphalerite are consistent with those of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits, but different from those of magmatism-related deposits (e.g. epithermal, skarn and VMS deposits). The positive δ34S values for Py1 (5.1–7.9 ‰), Cp1 (5.1–7.2 ‰), Sph1 (4.7–7.4 ‰), Sph2 (3.9–8.7 ‰), Py2 (4.4–9.3 ‰) and Cp2 (5.0–6.8 ‰) indicate a sulphur source from thermochemical reduction of coeval seawater sulphate. Widely developed dissolved textures (caverns and breccias) with massive sulphide infillings and deformed host rock remnants suggest that replacement of host dolostones by ore fluids was volumetrically significant and the ore formed nearly simultaneously with the cavities. The Tianbaoshan deposit is a typical MVT deposit, which resulted from mixing of a H2S-rich fluid and a metal-rich fluid, with thermochemical sulphate reduction occurring before ore precipitation rather than during ore precipitation.

show abstract

“…Numerous studies have shown that most of the Pb-Zn deposits in the SYG area are MVT deposits, including Huize (Han et al 2007a), Tianbaoshan (Ye et al 2016), Daliangzi (Yuan et al 2014), Maoping (Wei et al 2015), Wusihe (Xiong et al 2018) and Jinshachang (Bai et al 2013) deposits. Interestingly, the Fule deposit is hosted in the middle Permian Yangxin Formation, and the distance between the Fule Pb-Zn ore bodies and upper Permian Emeishan flood basalts is less than 50 m (Fig.…”

Section: C Ore Genesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the Fule Pb–Zn deposit, Yunnan Province, SW China: insight from in situ S isotope analysis by NanoSIMS

et al. 2019

Geol. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn metallogenic province is one of the most productive areas of Pb–Zn resources in China. The Fule deposit occurs in Permian carbonate and contains Pb–Zn reserves exceeding 1 Mt. To investigate the sulphur source, in situ S isotopic analysis of sphalerite and pyrite was carried out using nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry. The results show that the δ34S values of the sulphide minerals range from +16.1‰ to +23.0‰, higher than that of marine sulphates hosted in Permian carbonate rocks (+11‰), but similar to that of sulphates over a broader area (+12.9‰ to +25.9‰). The sulphates in the regional rocks could therefore represent an important source of S for the Fule deposit via thermochemical sulphate reduction. The S source of the Fule deposit is different from those of most other Pb–Zn deposits in the SYG Pb–Zn mineralization province, which were mainly derived from the ore-bearing strata. The δ34S values of the early to late generations and some single sulphide crystals from the cores to rims show a slight increasing trend, implying that partial Rayleigh fractionation took place in the Fule deposit. It is suggested that the Fule sulphide precipitation resulted from the mixing of a metalliferous fluid with a H2S-rich fluid derived from the regional strata. Combining the geology, mineralogy and S isotope results with previous Pb isotope studies, it is suggested that the Fule deposit should be attributed to a Mississippi Valley type deposit.

show abstract

Ore genesis of the Wusihe carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit in the Dadu River Valley district, Yangtze Block, SW China: evidence from ore geology, S-Pb isotopes, and sphalerite Rb-Sr dating

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic Relationship between Mississippi Valley-Type Pb–Zn Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Wusihe Deposits, Southwestern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China

Genetic Relationship between Mississippi Valley-Type Pb–Zn Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Wusihe Deposits, Southwestern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China

Mineral textures, mineral chemistry and S isotopes of sulphides from the Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn–Cu deposit in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou triangle: implications for mineralization process

Origin of the Fule Pb–Zn deposit, Yunnan Province, SW China: insight from in situ S isotope analysis by NanoSIMS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About