Ore-forming fluids associated with granite-hosted gold mineralization at the Sanshandao deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China

Fan, Hong Rui; Zhai, Mingguo; Xie, Yi; Yang, Jin‐Hui

doi:10.1007/s00126-003-0368-x

Cited by 296 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Therefore, we use the same logic as used by Fan et al [82] to revise the treatment of pressure and temperature. Measured total homogenization temperatures are set as , and using these values as minimum temperature, a preliminary minimum pressure 1 can be obtained from isochores.…”

Section: Fluid Immiscibility and Pressure Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many of these deposits have been attributed to be formed by metamorphic fluids (e.g., [97,98]), models of magmatic fluid origin with admixing with local meteoric water have also been proposed in many orogenic gold deposits (e.g., [82,[99][100][101][102]). In the case of the Liyuan gold deposit, given that the late Mesozoic age of gold mineralization in the northern TM region is over 2 billion years younger than the age of metamorphic rocks, the regional metamorphic fluids associated with those Precambrian rocks are not a viable source, whereas the deep-seated magmatic water would have generated the ore-forming fluids, although currently we did not found any granite body at Liyuan but a concealed granite body at greater depths is possible according to recent geophysical survey (personal communications) although further work is still needed to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Source Of Ore-forming Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids in the Liyuan Gold Deposit, Central North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-C Isotopic Compositions

Xiong

et al. 2017

Geofluids

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The Liyuan gold deposit is hosted within Archean basement metamorphic rocks and controlled by the NNE-trending faults in the central North China Craton. The ore-forming processes can be divided into three stages (early, middle, and late). Three types of primary fluid inclusions (FIs) are identified in the Liyuan, including pure carbonic, carbonic-aqueous, and aqueous inclusions. The primary FIs of three stages are mainly homogenized at temperatures of 318-408 ∘ C, 201-329 ∘ C, and 136-229 ∘ C, with salinities of 2.1-8.9, 0.5-12.4, and 0.4-6.3 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The main Au mineralization is related to the middle stage, and water-rock interaction caused rapid precipitation of gold in this stage. The initial ore-forming fluids were likely magmatic water or metamorphic fluid and mixed with meteoric water at later stages. Due to the lack of granite body at the present mining levels, we speculate that it was magmatic water that might have been exsolved from a concealed granite body at greater depth or it was metamorphic fluid that was directly transported from depth via deep faults. Based on all the available geological and geochemical evidence, we suggest that the Liyuan deposit belongs to orogenic gold deposit that located in the interior North China Craton.

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Section: Fluid Immiscibility and Pressure Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Of Ore-forming Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids in the Liyuan Gold Deposit, Central North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-C Isotopic Compositions

Xiong

et al. 2017

Geofluids

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“…This is characteristic, although not diagnostic, of deeper parts of the newly recognized type of intrusion-related gold systems (Thompson et al 1999, Lang & Baker 2001, Baker & Lang 2001, Baker 2002, Chi 2002, Fan et al 2003, Groves et al 2003; aqueous fluid inclusions with variable salinities are documented as well. Late-stage fluids in the quartz veins that cut the host granodiorite are characterized by low-temperature and low-salinity aqueous fluids (of Type 2), although minor CO 2 -bearing inclusions also occur.…”

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confidence: 97%

FLUID MINERAL REACTION IN THE LAKE GEORGE GRANODIORITE, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR Au W Mo Sb MINERALIZATION

Yang

Lentz

Chi

et al. 2004

The Canadian Mineralogist

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The Early Devonian Lake George granodiorite stock, New Brunswick, Canada, is spatially and temporally associated with early W-Mo-Au and later Au-Sbmineralization. The former mine was the largest antimony producer in North America until the mid-1990s. On the basis of fluid-inclusion analyses, multiple generations of fluids evidently interacted with the granodiorite, with the dominant fluids approximated by the system H 2 O-NaCl-CO 2 -CH 4 . Additional components of the fluid, S-Ca-Fe-K-MgMn, reflect fluid-rock reaction and partial re-equilibration among the rock-forming minerals (i.e., plagioclase, orthoclase, biotite, and hornblende) in the granodiorite. The CO 2 -bearing inclusions (Type 1) have a relatively low salinity, ranging from 0 to 15 wt.% equiv. NaCl (ave. 4 wt.%), and most homogenize to the CO 2 phase at temperatures of 200 to 470°C. Inclusions that homogenize to the aqueous phase do so over a narrower range of temperatures (250-350°C). Fluid pressures were probably 740 to 2210 bars for Type-1 inclusions. Aqueous liquid + vapor (Type 2) and aqueous liquid + vapor + halite or sylvite (Type 3) inclusions are recorded as well. Type-2 inclusions show a broader range of temperatures of homogenization (mostly to the aqueous phase), from 150 to 580°C, with a salinity between 2 and 19 wt.% equiv. NaCl. The stable isotope compositions of the rock-forming minerals in the granodiorite exhibit a disequilibrium relationship, e.g., either ␦ The similarities among the fluid compositions in the granodiorite, Au-W-Mo quartz-carbonate veinlets and stockworks, and the large Sb veins, suggest that they are genetically related. These fluids are interpreted to be mainly derived from progressive exsolution of volatiles from the cooling magmas at depth, although the CO 2 -CH 4 -bearing fluids were derived from the intrusion by wall-rock hybridization and skarn-forming reactions and later interaction with groundwater. These CO 2 -CH 4 -bearing fluids may have reacted with the granodioritic magma to lower its redox conditions, as reflected by a low magnetic susceptibility (ave. 6 ϫ 10 -5 SI). Together with the petrochemical features, fluid composition and T-P characteristics in the Lake George granodiorite and associated W-Mo-Au-Sb deposit share many similarities with other reduced I-type granitic-intrusion-related gold systems.Keywords: fluid inclusions, oxygen isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, carbonic fluids, mineral-fluid interaction, gold mineralization, intrusion-related gold systems, granodiorite, Lake George, New Brunswick, Canadian Appalachians. SOMMAIRELe pluton granodioritique de Lake George, au Nouveau-Brunswick, d'âge dévonien précoce, est associé dans le temps et l'espace à un épisode précoce de minéralisation W-Mo-Au, et ensuite, une minéralisation Au-Sb. La mine de Lake George était le plus important producteur d'antimoine en Amérique du Nord jusqu'au milieu des années 1990. A la lumière des résultats d'analyse des inclusions fluides, de multiples générations de fluides ont de toute évidence réagi avec la gr...

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“…Intrusion-related gold systems have recently raised great interest among economic geologists, leading to many new discoveries worldwide (McCoy et al 1997; Thompson et al 1999;Lang et al 2000;Lang and Baker 2001;Fan et al 2003). In southwestern New Brunswick, part of the Canadian Appalachian orogen, several gold deposits and occurrences (e.g., Clarence Stream, Lake George, and Poplar Mountain) have been found to share some similarities with intrusionrelated gold systems elsewhere in the world (McLeod and McCutcheon 2000;Thorne and Lentz 2001;Chi 2002;Lentz et al 2002;McLeod 2002 ;McLeod and Fyffe 2002; Yang et al 2002aYang et al , 2002bThorne and Lentz 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrochemical evolution of subvolcanic granitoid intrusions within the Late Devonian Mount Pleasant Caldera, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada: comparison of Au versus Sn-W-Mo-polymetallic mineralization systems

Yang

Lentz

McCutcheon

2003

atgeol

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Two spatially and temporally related subvolcanic intrusive suites, the McDougall Brook Granitic Suite (MBG) and the Mount Pleasant Granitic Suite (MPG), occur within the Late Devonian Mount Pleasant Caldera, southwestern New Brunswick. Auriferous greisenized quartz breccias and veins are associated with the MBG, whereas Sn-W-Mo-Bipolymetallic (Cu-Zn-Pb-In) mineralization is genetically related to the slightly younger MPG. The low-silica (< 70 wt. %) MBG and the high-silica (> 74 wt. %) MPG are calc-alkaline and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.91 -1.28), and exhibit some crustal A-type granite affi nities. However, compared to the MPG, the MBG has lower amounts of incompatible trace elements, a more pronounced Nb anomaly, enriched REE patterns with smaller negative Eu anomalies, and lower negative Ti, Sr, and Ba anomalies. Trace-element modeling, major-element chemistry, and petrologic evidence indicate that the MBG and MPG may have formed through pulse injection of magmas produced by fractional crystallization from felsic magma chambers at depth, involving an assemblage of clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, K-feldspar, ± biotite, ± zircon, ± apatite. Supracrustal contamination is evident, resulting in abnormally high alkalies (e.g., K) and high initial ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i ratio. The parental magmas may be mainly derived from juvenile materials within the crust. Extremely high F (≤ 0.99%), Li (≤ 610 ppm), Rb (≤ 1210 ppm), Cs (≤ 28 ppm), U (≤ 43 ppm), Th (≤ 50 ppm), Nb (≤ 107 ppm), Ta (≤ 26 ppm), and heavy REE (e.g., Yb ≤ 36 ppm) in the MPG rocks, with very low K/Rb ratio (≤ 56) and Nb/Ta ratio (≤ 7.6), suggest fl uid fractionation played an important role in late-stage magmatic differentiation.Although gold background contents in both the MBG and MPG are typically low, ranging from < 2 to 8 ppb, W, Sn, and Mo contents in the MBG are much lower than those in the MPG. Gold mineralization appears to be related to the early MBG, as it behaves as a compatible element during magmatic evolution. The MBG is broadly comparable to intrusion-related gold systems elsewhere. However, the MPG has characteristics of evolved topaz-bearing granites commonly associated with Sn-W-Mo-Bi-polymetallic (Cu-Zn-Pb-In) mineralization; the youngest phase of the MPG appears have high potential for generating Sn deposits. Both intrusive suites formed within an epicontinental caldera complex and generally have within-plate geochemical character. RÉSUMÉDeux suites intrusives subvolcaniques spatialement et temporellement apparentées, la suite granitique du ruisseau McDougall (MBG) et la suite granitique du mont Pleasant (MPG), sont présentes à l'intérieur de la caldeira du Dévonien tardif du mont Pleasant, dans le Sud-Ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick. Des fi lons et des brèches de quartz greisenifi és aurifères sont associées à la MBG, tandis qu'une minéralisation de Sn-W-Mo-Bi-polymétallique (Cu-ZnPb-In) est génétiquement apparentée à la MPG légèrement plus récente. La MBG à faible teneur en silice (< 70 % pds) et la MBG à f...

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Ore-forming fluids associated with granite-hosted gold mineralization at the Sanshandao deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China

Cited by 296 publications

References 42 publications

Origin and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids in the Liyuan Gold Deposit, Central North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-C Isotopic Compositions

Origin and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids in the Liyuan Gold Deposit, Central North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-C Isotopic Compositions

FLUID MINERAL REACTION IN THE LAKE GEORGE GRANODIORITE, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA: IMPLICATIONS FOR Au W Mo Sb MINERALIZATION

Petrochemical evolution of subvolcanic granitoid intrusions within the Late Devonian Mount Pleasant Caldera, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada: comparison of Au versus Sn-W-Mo-polymetallic mineralization systems

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