Ordered single-crystalline Bi nanowire arrays embedded in nanochannels of anodic alumina membranes

Abstract

Single-crystalline Bi nanowire arrays have been assembled into the nanochannels of anodic alumina membranes by electrodeposition. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that the nanowires with diameter of either 50 nm or 20 nm are essentially single crystalline and highly oriented. The magnetotransport properties of the Bi nanowire arrays were measured, and positive magnetoresistance as high as 45% at 100 K was observed.} \fnm{3}{Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Finite- and Quantum-Size Effects of Bismuth Nanowires

“…Nanowires grown by the vapor technique possess a <202> texture as 40-nm diameter wires grown by pressure injection . Bismuth nanowires fabricated by potentiostatic electrodeposition exhibited in all cases a single-crystalline <110> texture independently of the template and of the bath that was used (Cornelius et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2001). When using a bismuth chloride electrolyte, a pronounced increase of the <110> texture with decreasing overpotential and rising temperature.…”

“…Most of the existing high-temperature approaches like laser ablation, plasma-arc or chemical vapour deposition are not appropriate for their fabrication. However, several different techniques exist for Bi nanowire preparation including solvothermal synthesis (Gao et al, 2003), the Taylor process (Glocker & Skove, 1977), electron beam writing techniques (Chiu & www.intechopen.com Shih, 2004), and the template method (Cornelius et al, 2005;Huber et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2001;Yin et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 1998). Solvothermal synthesis provides nanowires of good crystalline quality with diameters down to 40 nm and with lengths of several µm.…”

“…Common to all these templates is the fact that the pores are perpendicular to the surface of the membrane. Bismuth was synthesized in the pores by several techniques, most commonly by high-pressure injection (Huber et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 1998) and the electrochemical deposition of bismuth into the channels (Wang et al, 2001;Yin et al, 2001;Cornelius et al, 2005).…”

“…Electrochemical deposition (Fig. 7): Electrochemical deposition of bismuth in nanopores has been reported using two different electrolytes based on Bi(NO 3 ) 3 (Wang et al, 2001) and BiCl 3 (Cornelius et al, 2005). One side of the template was coated by a conductive layer that served as cathode during the subsequent electrochemical deposition of bismuth inside the nanopores.…”

Novel morphology and solidification behavior of eutectic bismuth–tin (Bi–Sn) nanowires

“…It has been exploited for a wide range of applications that take advantage of their large aspect ratio (length/diameter). Recently, fabricating nanowires by atomic deposition or non-lithographic methods are emphasized in literature [1][2][3][4][5]. The atomic deposition methods such as, electrodeposition [6], metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy [7], thermal evaporation [8][9][10], thermal decomposition [11], physical vapor deposition (PVD) [12], and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [13] are famous for nanowires fabrication.…”