Ordered Magnetic Cilia Array Induced by the Micro-cavity Effect for the In Situ Adjustable Pressure Sensor

Abstract

Cilia are fundamental functional structures in natural biology. As the primary option of artificial cilia, magnetic cilia have been drawing extensive attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, sensitive response, and contactless actuation. However, most of the ordered magnetic cilia are fabricated by molds, suffering from high cost and low efficiency. In this paper, an ultrafast fabrication method of ordered cilia array using the micro-cavity inducing effect was proposed. With the impact of static and dynamic magnetic fields, the fine cilia were first formed in out-cavity area and then converged above cavities forming complete cilia structures. The mechanism of the micro-cavity inducing effect was further revealed. Finally, the ordered cilia array was used to develop the pressure sensor with variable stiffness, making the in situ adjustment of the sensor performance possible. The ordered cilia array was applied as a micro-mixer and largely improved the mixing efficiency for different mediums. The ordered cilia array also successfully served as the info carrier for rapid sub-encryption. This method allows the fast and controlled forming of ordered cilia arrays within 30 s, and the cilia structure can be adjusted in a large range of aspect ratios (1–9), providing an approach to large-scale producing the magnetic cilia for different applications.

Functional microneedles for wearable electronics

“…polydimethylsiloxane) covered by conductive materials (e.g. poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate), 67 gold nanowires, 68 MXene nanoflakes 69 and carbon black 70 ) or mingled with conductive substances (e.g. carbon nanotube, 71 carbon black 72 and nano-copper 72 ) is usually used to constitute the microneedle-like layers.…”

Ultra‐Wide Range, High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Sensor Based on Triple Periodic Minimum Surface Construction

“…S 11 , S 12 , S 21 , and S 22 parameters were collected to calculate the absorbed power (A), reflected power (R), and transmitted power (T). In addition, the scattering parameters (S 11 and S 21 ) were used to determine the electromagnetic absorption shielding (SE A ), reflected shielding (SE R ), and total EMI SE (SE T ) based on Equations (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of things, flexible piezoresistive sensors have attracted extensive attention as an important way to convert external pressure signals into resistant change. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, some sensors based on multiple microstructure-design, such as various types of bionic structures (e.g., vanes, [6] cilia [7,8] ), micro-pyramids, [9] minimal surfaces (TPMS) structures are microscopic structures commonly found in nature, such as corals, insect wings, sea urchin skeletons, and shells. [18] Due to the TPMS structure consisting of continuous and smooth shells, controlled pore space, interconnected geometry with large surface area, [19] and continuous internal channels, the curved structures are prone to bending or twisting under external forces, and the stress concentration can be effectively avoided, accompanied with excellent mechanical properties and fatigue resistance.…”

“…With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of things, flexible piezoresistive sensors have attracted extensive attention as an important way to convert external pressure signals into resistant change. [ 1‐5 ] Recently, some sensors based on multiple microstructure‐design, such as various types of bionic structures (e.g., vanes, [ 6 ] cilia [ 7,8 ] ), micro‐pyramids, [ 9 ] micro‐pillars, micro‐ridges, and micro‐domes, micro‐pores, etc., [ 10 ] have been proposed to enhance the sensing performance. [ 11–14 ] For instance, Wu et al.…”

Locally Reprogrammable Magnetic Micropillars with On‐Demand Reconfiguration and Multi‐Functionality

“…Active microstructured surfaces capable of controllable pattern transformation when exposed to external stimuli (e.g., light, [1,2] temperature, [3,4] and electricity [5,6] ) have gathered significant attention in recent decades. The controllable pattern transformation enables tunable functionality, which has shown great potential in various fields such as fluid manipulation, [7][8][9] information encryption, [10][11][12][13] and soft robotics. [14][15][16] Owing to the fast actuation of magnetic fields and high mechanical DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300773 compliance of micropillars, magnetic micropillars capable of magneticallycontrollable diverse deformation modes have been widely demonstrated.…”