“…The host molecule, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC; Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, USA), was immobilized on the QCM cells by reported procedure: [24][25][26][27] DMPC in a chloroform/ethanol solution (4:1 w/w) at the concentration of 1 mg/ml was applied to the gold electrode of the QCM plate. After being dried in air for over 3 h, the DMPC multilayer-immobilized QCM plate was soaked in 500 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) and kept at 35 C for 1 h to stimulate and mature the multilayer formation.…”