Orchids do not pay costs at emergence for prolonged dormancy

Jäkäläniemi, Anne; Crone, Elizabeth E.; Närhi, Paavo; Tuomi, Juha

doi:10.1890/10-1957.1

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A similar result was found in the previous study of E. atrorubens (Jäkäläniemi et al . ). A table of vital rates for each species from the best‐fit model is presented in Appendix S1 (Tables S5 and S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Hutchings ; Jacquemyn, Brys & Jongejans ; Jäkäläniemi et al . ; Gremer, Crone & Lesica ; Sletvold et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Dormant plants do not necessarily form one homogenous stage class, because previous studies have shown that the performance of individual plants after dormancy depends on the pre‐dormancy stage class (Jäkäläniemi et al . ; Gremer, Crone & Lesica ). To determine the number of dormant stage classes for our study species, we tested whether the stage before disappearing affects the re‐emergence and survival rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other vital rates were determined with generalized linear models (GLMs) (Sletvold, Øien & Moen ; Jäkäläniemi et al . ; Sletvold et al . ) fit with the glm function in R (R Core Team ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most commonly, when individuals are not seen to re‐emerge, they are assumed to be dead after a certain number of years, and often, death is assumed to occur during the first year of disappearance (Hutchings , ; Nicolè, Brzosko & Till‐Bottraud ; Coates, Lunt & Tremblay ; Lesica & Crone ; Jacquemyn, Brys & Jongejans ; Sletvold, Øien & Moen ; Jäkäläniemi et al . ; Gremer, Crone & Lesica ; Gremer & Sala ; Sletvold et al . ; Tuomi et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instant death, slow death and the consequences of assumptions about prolonged dormancy for plant population dynamics

et al. 2016

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Summary Many perennial plants experience prolonged dormancy, meaning they do not grow above‐ground for one or several growing seasons. When plants disappear (fail to sprout) and have not been recorded to re‐emerge, they either have died or are alive and dormant. In demographic studies of such species, researchers have been forced to make assumptions about death versus dormancy. Little is known about the consequences of these assumptions for predictions from the population models used in the studies. Here, we define survival of dormancy‐prone plants in three distinct ways: Separate, Instant and Slow death. In the Separate death model, plants are assumed to die either in emergent or in dormant stages. Death can also be described as a process of disappearance followed by dying, either in the first year below‐ground (Instant death) or with constant mortality rate in any given dormant year (Slow death). Using simulated data with known parameter values, we test whether survival and re‐emergence rates are confounded in these life‐history models. Using a general model and models for two orchid species (Epipactis atrorubens and Isotria medeoloides), we test how different assumptions about dormancy (Instant and Slow death) affect predictions about population dynamics: population growth rate, generation time, relative reproductive values, life expectancies, and sensitivity and elasticity of population growth rate to stage transitions and vital rates. Our results confirm that survival and re‐emergence rates of dormancy‐prone plant species are difficult to estimate; parameters were separable only with the assumptions of Instant and Slow death. Both theoretical and empirical analyses show that the predictions of population growth rate and generation time do not depend on the assumptions made about the fate of the plants after their disappearance. Synthesis. Assumptions about dormancy affect some, but not all predictions, about plant population dynamics. In the studies of species with unobservable stages, assumptions about dormancy should be carefully defined and possible consequences of these assumptions for the predictions of the population model should be evaluated. Nonetheless, if we are only interested in overall population viability, ad hoc models of prolonged dormancy are sufficient as a first step.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Hutchings ; Jacquemyn, Brys & Jongejans ; Jäkäläniemi et al . ; Gremer, Crone & Lesica ; Sletvold et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instant death, slow death and the consequences of assumptions about prolonged dormancy for plant population dynamics

et al. 2016

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Using statistics to design and estimate vital rates in matrix population models for a perennial herb

2019

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Matrix population models are widely used to assess population status and to inform management decisions. Despite existing theories for building such models, model construction is often partially based on expert opinion. So far, model structure has received relatively little attention, although it may affect estimates of population dynamics. Here, we assessed the consequences of two published matrix structures (a 4 × 4 matrix based on expert opinion and a 10 × 10 matrix based on statistical modeling) for estimates of vital rates and stochastic population dynamics of the long-lived herb Astragalus scaphoides. We explored the ways in which choice of model structure alters the accuracy (i.e., mean) and precision (i.e., variance) of predicted population dynamics. We found that model structure had a negligible effect on the accuracy and precision of vital rates and stochastic stage distribution. However, the 10 × 10 matrix produced lower estimates of stochastic population growth rates than the 4 × 4 matrix, and more accurately predicted the observed trends in population abundance for three out of four study populations. Moreover, estimates of realized variation in population growth rate due to fluctuations in population stage structure over time were occasionally sensitive to matrix structure, suggesting differential roles of transient dynamics. Our study indicates that statistical modeling for choosing categories in matrix models might be preferable over expert opinion to accurately predict population trends and can provide a more objective way for model construction when the biological knowledge of the species is limited. K E Y W O R D Sdemography, matrix population model, plant population dynamics, stochasticity, vital rates

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Genetic structure of a regionally endangered orchid, the dark red helleborine (Epipactis atrorubens) at the edge of its distribution

Hens

Jäkäläniemi²,

Tali

et al. 2017

Genetica

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The genetic structure and diversity of species is determined by both current population dynamics and historical processes. Population genetic structure at the edge of the distribution is often expected to differ substantially from populations at the centre, as these edge populations are often small and fragmented. In addition, populations located in regions that have experienced repeated glaciations throughout the Pleistocene, may still carry imprints from the genetic consequences of frequent distribution shifts. Using chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers we studied the genetic structure of Epipactis atrorubens at the northern edge of its distribution. Contrary to populations in the centre of the distribution, populations at the northern range are regionally endangered as they are small and disjunct. Sequence data of 2 chloroplast loci and allelic data from 6 nuclear microsatellite markers were obtained from 297 samples from Finland, Estonia and Russia. We sought for genetic indicators of past population processes, such as post-glacial colonisation history of E. atrorubens. As expected, we observed low genetic variation, in terms of numbers of substitutions, haplotypes and alleles, and significant levels of differentiation, especially pronounced in the chloroplast DNA. These features suggest that the edge populations could be prone to extinction.

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Orchids do not pay costs at emergence for prolonged dormancy

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Instant death, slow death and the consequences of assumptions about prolonged dormancy for plant population dynamics

Instant death, slow death and the consequences of assumptions about prolonged dormancy for plant population dynamics

Using statistics to design and estimate vital rates in matrix population models for a perennial herb

Genetic structure of a regionally endangered orchid, the dark red helleborine (Epipactis atrorubens) at the edge of its distribution

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