Orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi: an insufficiently explored relationship

Favre-Godal, Quentin; Gourguillon, Lorène; Lordel-Madeleine, Sonia; Gindro, Katia; Choisy, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s00572-020-00934-2

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Owing to the relatively easy growth of some fungi, fungal diversity and strain collection have always been hot spots in the field of fungal research (Hyde et al, 2019). OM symbiosis is an excellent model for investigating the biological interactions between plants and fungi that would help to solve the fundamental questions on interactions between aboveground and underground pollinators and fungi, respectively (Selosse, 2014;Favre-Godal et al, 2020). Orchids have complex symbiotic relationships with fungi at various stages of their life cycle.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition. An increasing number of studies indicates how orchids gain mineral nutrients and sometime even organic compounds from interactions with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). Thus, OMF exhibit a high diversity and play a key role in the life cycle of orchids. In recent years, the high-throughput molecular identification of fungi has broadly extended our understanding of OMF diversity, revealing it to be a dynamic outcome co-regulated by environmental filtering, dispersal restrictions, spatiotemporal scales, biogeographic history, as well as the distribution, selection, and phylogenetic spectrum width of host orchids. Most of the results show congruent emerging patterns. Although it is still difficult to extend them to all orchid species or geographical areas, to a certain extent they follow the “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects” rule. This review provides an extensive understanding of the diversity and ecological dynamics of orchid-fungal association. Moreover, it promotes the conservation of resources and the regeneration of rare or endangered orchids. We provide a comprehensive overview, systematically describing six fields of research on orchid-fungal diversity: the research methods of orchid-fungal interactions, the primer selection in high-throughput sequencing, the fungal diversity and specificity in orchids, the difference and adaptability of OMF in different habitats, the comparison of OMF in orchid roots and soil, and the spatiotemporal variation patterns of OMF. Further, we highlight certain shortcomings of current research methodologies and propose perspectives for future studies. This review emphasizes the need for more information on the four main ecological processes: dispersal, selection, ecological drift, and diversification, as well as their interactions, in the study of orchid-fungal interactions and OMF community structure.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The density of the fungal patch could also affect orchid seed germination (McCormick et al, 2012(McCormick et al, , 2018Favre Godal et al, 2020). The mixture with enough pre-grown fungal hyphae with orchid seeds keeps the dominance of sgOMF, preventing the invasion of competitors (Shao et al, 2017).…”

Section: Appraisal Of Ecological Specificity Of Sgomf From Protocorms or Germinating Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings

Selosse

Luo

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Orchids are among the most endangered in the plant kingdom. Lack of endosperm in their seeds renders orchids to depend on nutrients provided by orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) for seed germination and seedling formation in the wild. OMF that parasitize in germination seeds is an essential element for orchid seedling formation, which can also help orchid reintroduction. Considering the limitations of the previous orchid reintroduction technology based on seed germination-promoting OMF (sgOMF) sourced from orchid roots, an innovative approach is proposed here in which orchid seeds are directly co-sown with sgOMF carrying ecological specificity from protocorms/seedlings. Based on this principle, an integrative and practical procedure concerning related ecological factors is further raised for re-constructing long-term and self-sustained orchid populations. We believe that this new approach will benefit the reintroduction of endangered orchids in nature.

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“…Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMFs) are considered to belong to the so-called rhizoctonia aggregate, a polyphyletic group of fungi belonging to Tulasnellaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae, and Serendipitaceae [19]. Orchids are highly dependent on mycorrhizae for survival and growth: OMFs not only supply carbohydrates to facilitate the growth of nonphotosynthetic protocorms during the seed germination stage but also provide nutrients and growth factors to plants, conferring plant metal tolerance and inhibiting the development of pathogens [17,[20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Seedling Baiting to Isolate Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi From Dendrobium Officinale, An Over-Collected Medicinal Orchid In China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Orchids are highly dependent on mycorrhizae for survival and growth. Traditionally, to obtain orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMFs) for plant growth, fungi have been isolated from the roots of mature wild plants; however, the species of OMF may change as the plants undergo different developmental stages. In this study, we developed the idea of using in situ seedling baiting to capture seedling growth-promoting fungi from Dendrobium officinale, an overcollected medicinal orchid in China.Results: In vitro-produced seedlings of D. officinale were transplanted into their original habitats, and newly established roots of well-growing seedlings were sampled for fungal isolation. Roots were sampled at 6 different times over one year, and five Tulasnella species and one Fusarium species were obtained and identified morphologically and molecularly. The ability to promote seedling growth was tested in three Tulasnella species TPYD-1, TPYD-2 and TPYD-3, with high isolation frequencies by inoculation onto in vitro-produced D. officinale seedlings. Although the three fungi were closely related species and clustered together in the phylogenetic tree, they showed different efficiencies in promoting D. officinale seedling growth. Tulasnella TPYD-2 showed a strong ability to promote seedling growth and could be selected for use in restoration plantings of D. officinale.Conclusions: Our results suggest that using an in situ seedling baiting technique could be an efficient way to obtain seedling growth-promoting fungi, and this approach could have broad applications in orchid mycorrhiza studies and orchid conservation.

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Orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi: an insufficiently explored relationship

Cited by 62 publications

References 209 publications

Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids

Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids

Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings

In Situ Seedling Baiting to Isolate Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi From Dendrobium Officinale, An Over-Collected Medicinal Orchid In China

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