Orchard-floor management systems.

Merwin, Ian A.; Ferree, D. C.; Warrington, I. J.

doi:10.1079/9780851995922.0303

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…There are many different tree-row management systems, each with a different effect on many aspects of the tree cultivation, such as tree growth and fruit production, nutrient supply and uptake, or incidence of pests and diseases ( Sullivan et al , 1998;Utkhede & Hogue, 1998;Merwin, 2003;Dapena et al , 2006 ). Similarly, the fertilizer treatment used is crucial for tree growth and yield ( Neilsen & Neilsen, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The success of an apple orchard is greatly determined by effective fertilizer application and by tree-row management to avoid weed competition for water and nutrients ( Merwin, 2003;Neilsen & Neilsen, 2003 ). There are many different tree-row management systems, each with a different effect on many aspects of the tree cultivation, such as tree growth and fruit production, nutrient supply and uptake, or incidence of pests and diseases ( Sullivan et al , 1998;Utkhede & Hogue, 1998;Merwin, 2003;Dapena et al , 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic versus conventional management in an apple orchard: effects of fertilization and tree‐row management on ground‐dwelling predaceous arthropods

Miñarro

Espadaler

Melero

et al. 2009

Agri and Forest Entomology

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Abstract1 Organic and conventional management of apple orchards may have a different effect on arthropod communities.2 We conducted a 3‐year study to assess the effect of two strategies of fertilizer treatment (organic versus chemical) and three tree‐row management systems (straw mulching, tillage and herbicide) on activity‐density and biodiversity of epigeic predators. Ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae), ants (Formicidae) and spiders (Araneae) were sampled monthly with pitfall traps in the same apple orchard during 2003, 2004 and 2005.3 A total of 4978 individuals were collected. Carabids (56.8% of the total catches) were the most abundant taxonomic group, followed by spiders (20.7%), ants (14.8%) and rove beetles (7.7%). Tree‐row management had a greater influence on predator catches than fertilizer treatment. Total predator catches were lower under the mulch. Mulching also reduced carabid abundance, but increased staphylinid catches.4 Tree row management also had a significant effect on biodiversity parameters. Species richness did not significantly differ among treatments for ants, spiders or the total catches, but was higher on herbicide‐treated plots for carabids and on mulched plots for staphylinids. Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index was significantly greater in the mulched and herbicide treated plots for total predators and carabids. For staphylinids, this index was significantly greater on the mulched plots. Fertilizer application strategy only influenced the species richness of rove beetles, which was greater in the chemically‐treated plots.5 The results showed that a change from conventional to organic fertilizer treatment of apple trees may be performed without differential effects on predator activity‐density or biodiversity. However, a change from herbicide treatment to mulching or mechanical weed control may be significant, depending on the taxonomic group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic versus conventional management in an apple orchard: effects of fertilization and tree‐row management on ground‐dwelling predaceous arthropods

Miñarro

Espadaler

Melero

et al. 2009

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Vegetation between tree rows in the apple orchard is regularly mowed and herbicides are applied beneath trees to reduce competition for water and nutrients (Merwin, 2003), which may also affect plant species competition for floral visitors such as bees in the orchard landscape. The orchards are also sprayed pre-bloom with some common organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides and during bloom with many types of fungicides to control various insect pests and diseases (Hull et al, 2009;Penn State Extension, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximity to Woodland and Landscape Structure Drives Pollinator Visitation in Apple Orchard Ecosystem

et al. 2016

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Landscapes of farms and adjacent areas are known to influence abundance of various arthropods such as pollinators in commercial agricultural ecosystems. In this context, we examined the effect of heterogeneous landscapes surrounding and including commercial apple orchards on pollinator visitation and foraging distance during bloom period from 2011 to 2013 in Pennsylvania. Our results showed that the frequency of feral honeybees and solitary bee visits within an apple orchard depends on the proximity of the orchard to an unmanaged habitat (primarily comprised of forest). At the landscape scale, we found that the Mean Proximity Index, the Largest Patch Index, and the Number of Patches positively correlated with the visitation rate of dominant bee taxa (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp., and solitary bees) visiting apple flowers at low spatial scales (up to 500 m around the orchards). The Mean Proximity Index at 500 m was related to bee visitation patterns, especially for solitary bees and A. mellifera. Bees in all our study sites preferred to forage in areas with large homogenous patches up to 500 m around an apple orchard. This effect can be attributed to the mass flowering of apples that formed the largest proportion of the 500 m spatial scale. The Number of Patches at 250 m spatial scale was positively correlated with bee visitation, especially Bombus spp., probably because these areas had more habitats and more resources required by these bees. We conclude that retaining unmanaged habitats closer to commercial apple orchards will maintain biodiversity within the landscapes and insure pollination services to apples.

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“…No weed management strategy can be considered without economic return [Granatstein et al 2010]. An ideal CWC would be an aid to the economic success of fruit growers [Merwin 2003]. This relatively low gross profit in Strong-CWC might be due to smaller fruit size ( fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe CWC can stunt the growth of young trees and reduce fruit quantity and quality in apple orchards [Merwin 2003]. CWC has a strong effect on growth, yield, soil properties and orchard profitability [Gut et al 1996, Bissels et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchard Performance of Apple Worsens as Weed Competition Increases: A Long-Term Field Study Under Mediterranean Conditions

Atay¹,

Gargin²,

Eşítken³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus

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Crop-weed competition (CWC) for water and nutrients can negatively affect orchard performance, especially in high-density apple orchards. With this study, we compared the effects of three CWC levels: Weak, Moderate, and Strong for the orchard performance of apple in the Mediterranean area. The study was conducted at a 'Golden Delicious'/M.9 orchard in a high-density formation (3.5 × 1 m spacing). Cumulative yield was greatest in Weak-CWC, and it decreased as CWC increased. Overall, Weak-CWC performed remarkable results for successful apple production under Mediterranean conditions.

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Orchard-floor management systems.

Abstract: This chapter describes the general principles and objectives for orchard floor management (OFM), compares different weed and soil management systems used by fruit growers and suggests opportunities for improving the sustainability of fruit growing by optimizing and integrating OFM systems.

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Organic versus conventional management in an apple orchard: effects of fertilization and tree‐row management on ground‐dwelling predaceous arthropods

Organic versus conventional management in an apple orchard: effects of fertilization and tree‐row management on ground‐dwelling predaceous arthropods

Proximity to Woodland and Landscape Structure Drives Pollinator Visitation in Apple Orchard Ecosystem

Orchard Performance of Apple Worsens as Weed Competition Increases: A Long-Term Field Study Under Mediterranean Conditions

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