Orchard floor management strategy to maintain performance of apple trees in replant soils

Diehl, Katharina; Cavael, Ulrike; Schwärzel, H.; Lentzsch, Peter

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2020.1270.33

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This may be due to the irrigation of plants and the water storage capacity in the dam, which also has a positive effect on the absorption of nutrients from the soil. During repeated application of the M-dam on trees that were planted in replant soils, Diehl et al [28] also observed a significant increase in trunk CSA when compared to the control. Based on their observations, this phenomenon is caused by the formation of adventitious roots in the additional layer (dam).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Apple Growth and Yield in Replant Soils Supplemented by Organic Soil Additives

Djalali Farahani-Kofoet,

Schneider,

Feller

2024

Agronomy

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Repeated apple cultivation in the same area leads to apple replant disease (ARD), which can probably be reduced by the use of organic supplements and selected rootstock/variety combinations. Soils at two conventionally and one organically farmed site in north-eastern Germany were tested for ARD in pot trials. In subsequent field trials, the effects of champost, microbially carbonised compost, and coniferous wood shavings piled up like a dam (‘Müncheberger’ (M)-dam) and of rootstock/variety combinations were tested. On the organic site, only leonhardite and champost were tested. The pot trials indicated for all sites that the soil is affected by ARD. After five years, the growth increase in trunks in the M-dam was 20–40% higher than in controls and other treatments, depending on the site. On one site, the yield over four years was a 15.7% increase for M-dam and also for champost compared to controls, on the other site, it was 11.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The M.9 rootstock with the Gala variety had a higher, but insignificant, yield compared to G.11/Gala by 6.7 or 2.6%, depending on the site. No difference in trunk growth or yield with Topaz was observed at the organic farmed site. Further research on M-dam and champost is supported, as both are promising in terms of yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This special form of cultivation is based on dam layering, including substrate culture with coniferous wood shavings (grain size 0-40 mm) around the apple tree. The substrate layering imitates the natural biological metabolic processes of mixed forests and fosters root growth [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple Growth and Yield in Replant Soils Supplemented by Organic Soil Additives

Djalali Farahani-Kofoet,

Schneider,

Feller

2024

Agronomy

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“…This response is related to the non-systemic localised response of trees to replant soil [30]. Root penetration of the MDK ridge reduces further penetration of replant soil, as the MDK ridge provides nutrition as well as beneficial soil-climate conditions to the plant [20].…”

Section: Müncheberger Dammkultur (Mdk): Effectuation and Impact On Ardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For improved readability, the treatment is hereinafter abbreviated with MDK. The application of the MDK for apple orchards followed the instruction of Schwärzel (2013) [19], formalised by Diehl et al (2020) [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Agro-Ecological Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Management Strategies: Organic Fertilisation and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria

Cavael

Lentzsch

Schwärzel³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Apple replant disease (ARD) impacts the economic yield of orchards by physiological and morphological suppression of apple trees on replanted soils. The complexity of replant disease caused by a plethora of biological interactions and physical properties of the soil requires complex management strategies to mitigate these effects. Based on expert recommendations, we selected two management strategies linked to agroecological principles of (a) organic fertilisation with a specific mulch composition (MDK) and (b) biofertilisation with arbuscular mycorrhizal and bacterial strains (AMFbac), applied by a composition of existing products. For both management strategies we provide a proof-of-concept, by pot and field experiments. Both treatments have the potential to mitigate ARD effects on plant vigour. ARD effect was fully mitigated by MDK treatment in the short-term (one year) and was mitigated by up to 29% after seven years of MDK treatment (long-term). MDK provides an additional substrate for root growth. AMFbac has the potential to mitigate ARD effects on plant vigour but with non-replicable plant-beneficial effects in its current form of application. Thereby our results show a principal potential to mitigate economic effects but not to overcome replant disease inducing effects. While the MDK treatment is found resource intensive but reliable, the AMFbac treatment was found more user-friendly.

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“…Although soil quality and environmental improvement can be equally valuable economically within orchard settings for growers ( Reganold et al., 2001 ), intensive conventional methods are still employed at the expense of beneficial agroecological functions, such as self-regulating biocontrol for pests and diseases, or the acquisition and distribution of both water and nutrients from mycorrhizal fungal networks in healthy soils ( Lu et al., 2019 ; Granatstein, 2021 ). Improving orchard ecosystem services using various OM amendments has recently received renewed attention ( Demestihas et al., 2017 ; Montanaro et al., 2017 ), in part due to efforts to mitigate replant disease ( Mazzola & Manici, 2012 ; Watson et al., 2019 ; Diehl et al., 2020 ), conserve resources such as water or nutrients ( Novara et al., 2021 ; Villa et al., 2021 ), and broader societal goals of carbon sequestration and sustainable development ( Diacono & Montemurro, 2011 ; Baldi et al., 2018 ; Lal et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual compost amendments can replace synthetic fertilizer, improve soil moisture, and ensure tree performance during peach orchard establishment in a humid subtropical climate

Lawrence¹,

Melgar²

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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The application of organic matter (OM) to peach orchards is currently uncommon in commercial operations but could potentially replace synthetic fertilizers and improve long-term orchard sustainability. The purpose of the study was to monitor how annual applications of compost to replace synthetic fertilizer would change soil quality, peach tree nutrient and water status, and tree performance during the first four years of orchard establishment within a subtropical climate. Food waste compost was incorporated before planting and added annually over four years with the following treatments: 1) 1x rate, applied as dry weight at 22,417 kg ha-1 (10 tons acre-1) incorporated during the first year and 11,208 kg ha-1 (5 tons acre-1) applied topically each year after; 2) 2x rate, applied as dry weight at 44,834 kg ha-1 (20 tons acre-1) incorporated during the first year and 22,417 kg ha-1 (10 tons acre-1) applied topically each year after; and 3) control, with no compost added. Treatments were applied to a virgin orchard location, where peach trees had never previously been grown, and to a replant location, where peach trees had been grown previously for more than 20 years. Synthetic fertilizer was reduced in the 1x and 2x rates by 80 and 100% during the spring and all treatments received the summer application according to standard practice. Soil OM, phosphorus and sodium all increased with the addition of 2x compost in the replant location at 15 cm depth, but not within the virgin location compared to the control treatment. The 2x rate of compost improved soil moisture during the growing season, but tree water status was similar between treatments. Tree growth was similar between treatments in the replant location, but the 2x treatment had larger trees compared to the control by the third year. Foliar nutrients were similar between treatments over the four years, while 2x compost rate increased fruit yield in the virgin location compared to the control the second year of harvest. The 2x food waste compost rate could be considered as a replacement for synthetic fertilizers and to potentially increase tree growth during orchard establishment.

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Orchard floor management strategy to maintain performance of apple trees in replant soils

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Apple Growth and Yield in Replant Soils Supplemented by Organic Soil Additives

Apple Growth and Yield in Replant Soils Supplemented by Organic Soil Additives

Assessment of Agro-Ecological Apple Replant Disease (ARD) Management Strategies: Organic Fertilisation and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria

Annual compost amendments can replace synthetic fertilizer, improve soil moisture, and ensure tree performance during peach orchard establishment in a humid subtropical climate

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