Orbitofrontal morphology in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia

Chakirova, Goultchira; Welch, Killian A.; Moorhead, T. William J.; Stanfield, Andrew C.; Hall, Jérémy; Skehel, Paul; Brown, Valerie J.; Johnstone, Eve C.; Owens, David C.; Lawrie, Stephen M.; McIntosh, Andrew M.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.001

Cited by 41 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There already are many studies that classify the orbitofrontal sulcus and gyrus based on magnetic resonance images and our results were very similar to theirs results 6,7,9,10,11 . For instance, Chiavaras and Petrides (2000) The fact that our results were similar to previews radiological studies 6,7,9,10,11 aggregate evidence in the anatomical characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex, as there are two different methods to investigate the same issue with similar results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…We also divided the orbitofrontal cortex general configuration according to Chiavaras' classification modified by Charikova et al 6,7 . In this classification, the type I pattern is characterized by a continuous lateral orbital sulcus and a clearly distinct anterior medial and posterior medial orbital sulcus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They proposed to divide the orbitofrontal cortex variation into three patterns according to the orbital sulcus visual appearance. In 2010, Charikova et al 7 refined Chiavaras' classification system adding an undescribed pattern, based also on magnetic resonance images.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study

Rodrigues

Paz

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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The cerebral cortex folding in humans allow that an extensive area of cerebral cortex fit into the limited space of the skull. The factors that guide this folding are complex and its final result leads to sulci and gyrus patterns in adult brain. These patterns, depending on the region of cerebral cortex analyzed, can have or not a high degree of variability 1 . There are some evidence that factors guiding the cerebral cortex folding starts in the beginning of cerebral morphogenesis. First, in a coronal brain slice, we can see that sulcus in the inferior and lateral surface of the brain are oriented toward the ventricular cavity and sulcus in the medial surface are oriented parallel to corpus callosum fibers. (In cases of total corpus callosum agenesis, the sulcus in the medial surface seems to be ventricular-guided too). Second, neurons sends axons across the corpus callosum even before the neuron migration process end 2 , and this neuronal projection affect the final brain morphology 3 . Based on these observations, we can suppose that the final brain morphology depends on neuronal migration, axonal connection and probably others factors.The frontal lobe has four surfaces: a lateral, a medial, a basal and a sylvian surface 4 . The basal surface is in contact with the orbital roof, compounded of the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones being, for this reason, called orbitofrontal surface.In the last ten years, many studies have showed the relationship between altered orbitofrontal cortical pattern and ABSTRACTThe anatomical characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex in human is limited in literature instead of many functional and clinical studies involving it. Objective: Anatomically define the orbitofrontal region aiming to possible neurosurgical treatments and unify the scientific nomenclature as well. Method: We analyze eighty four human hemispheres using a surgical microscope. Then we chose four hemispheres and dissect them according to Klinger' technique. Results: We found five main sulcus: olfatory sulcus, orbital medial sulcus, orbital lateral sulcus, orbital transverse sulcus and orbital intermediate sulcus. These sulcus, excluding the intermediate sulcus, delimit five gyrus: rectus gurys, orbital medial gyrus, orbital anterior gyrus, orbital lateral gyrus and orbital posterior gyrus. The main sulcal configuration can be divided on four more frequently patterns. Conclusion: Orbitofrontal cortex is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Better anatomical and functional characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex and its connections will improve our knowledge about these diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study

Rodrigues

Paz

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…In addition, altered sulcogyral patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a key brain region involved in odor hedonic processing and sensory integration, were found to differentiate schizophrenia patients and individuals who convert to schizophrenia from non-converters and controls (Chakirova, Welch et al, 2010; Nakamura, Nestor et al, 2007). Therefore, odor valence measures, reflective of both hedonic disturbance and orbitofrontal impairment, could have predictive utility in identifying those at risk for the development of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of odor valence on olfactory performance in schizophrenia patients, unaffected relatives and at-risk youth

Kamath

Turetsky

Calkins

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Given the presence of odor identification impairment in individuals with schizophrenia and recent evidence of aberrant odor hedonic processing, the aim of this investigation was to examine the influence of valence and intensity on odor identification in schizophrenia patients, their first-degree family members, and young persons at clinical risk for psychosis. Participants completed the 16-item Sniffin’ Stick Odor Identification Test. A logistic regression was conducted to assess the influence of valence and intensity on odor identification accuracy. Identification performance in the schizophrenia patients and youths at clinical risk for psychosis was significantly influenced by odor valence, but not intensity. Identification accuracy in first-degree family members was not influenced by valence or intensity. These data suggest that abnormalities in odor valence perception may represent an environmentally-mediated marker for hedonic disturbance that could have predictive utility in future conversion to psychosis. Further research examining the utility of odor valence measures as markers for psychosis risk are warranted.

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“…In a recent study of 40 healthy adults (Kapogiannis et al, 2009a), investigators found that key components of religiosity (having intimate relationship with God and religious behaviors, as well as fear of God) were associated with structural differences including a decrease in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This is particularly interesting as the OFC is integral to higher order cognitive function including emotional processing, motivation, decision-making, hedonic experience, and sensory-visceral multimodal experience (Öngür and Price, 2000; Kringelbach, 2005; Chakirova et al, 2010). Additionally, studies across the psychosis spectrum, including those assessing individuals at high risk, individuals with first-episode psychosis, and those with chronic schizophrenia have found decreased volumes in the OFC (Borgwardt et al, 2008; Chakirova et al, 2010; Jung et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbitofrontal cortex volume and intrinsic religiosity in non-clinical psychosis

Pelletier-Baldelli¹,

Dean²,

Lunsford‐Avery³

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Research indicates that religiosity plays a complex role in mental illness. Despite this link, little work has been done to clarify the role of religiosity in persons exhibiting non-clinical psychosis (NCP, individuals experiencing fleeting psychotic-like symptoms in the absence of a formal psychotic disorder). Further, there are no NCP investigations into whether abnormalities exist in brain structures that are associated with religiosity. Understanding these relationships in NCP is important to clarify the role of religiosity and brain structural anomalies in psychosis. Twenty individuals experiencing NCP and twenty controls were assessed for intrinsic religiosity (IR; motivation/commitment to religious beliefs and/or practices) using a well-validated self-report scale. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine volumes of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a critical region that has been associated with increased religiosity. Results indicate that IR is elevated in the NCP group, and that these individuals exhibit bilateral volume reduction in both the lateral and medial OFC. Sample-wide correlations are non-significant, but show notable relationships between smaller OFC regions and increased IR. Significant negative relationships were found between OFC volume and depressive and negative symptoms. Overall, results suggest that brain abnormalities associated with NCP may also confer a heightened susceptibility for religiosity.

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Orbitofrontal morphology in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia

Abstract: Our results suggest that OFC Type III is associated with psychotic features before the development of schizophrenia. Characterisation of OFC morphology may have a role in the identification of those at greatest risk of developing schizophrenia.

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study

Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study

The effect of odor valence on olfactory performance in schizophrenia patients, unaffected relatives and at-risk youth

Orbitofrontal cortex volume and intrinsic religiosity in non-clinical psychosis

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