Orbitofrontal Cortex Volumes in Medication Naïve Children with Major Depressive Disorder: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Chen, Hua-Hsuan; Rosenberg, David; MacMaster, Frank P.; Easter, Philip; Caetano, Sheila C.; Nicoletti, Mark; Hatch, John P.; Nery, Fabiano G.; Soares, Jair C.

doi:10.1089/cap.2007.053

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Based on prior research showing reduced volume of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in adults with MDD, Chen and colleagues (2008) examined OFC volumes in medication naïve adolescents with MDD and controls. Authors reported no significant differences in total OFC volume or OFC gray matter volume, but exploratory analyses revealed that patients had larger total and gray matter volumes of the right lateral subregion of the OFC.…”

Section: Results: Neuroimaging Findings In Child and Adolescent Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors reported no significant differences in total OFC volume or OFC gray matter volume, but exploratory analyses revealed that patients had larger total and gray matter volumes of the right lateral subregion of the OFC. It was suggested that the findings of decreased volume in OFC found in adult MDD may be related to neural loss that occurs later in life (Chen, Rosenberg et al 2008). …”

Section: Results: Neuroimaging Findings In Child and Adolescent Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward dysfunctional connectivity: a review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder

Hulvershorn

Cullen

Anand

2011

Brain Imaging and Behavior

154

130

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Child and adolescent psychiatric neuroimaging research typically lags behind similar advances in adult disorders. While the pediatric depression imaging literature is less developed, a recent surge in interest has created the need for a synthetic review of this work. Major findings from pediatric volumetric and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional connectivity studies converge to implicate a corticolimbic network of key areas that work together to mediate the task of emotion regulation. Imaging the brain of children and adolescents with unipolar depression began with volumetric studies of isolated brain regions that served to identify key prefrontal, cingulate and limbic nodes of depression-related circuitry elucidated from more recent advances in DTI and functional connectivity imaging. Systematic review of these studies preliminarily suggests developmental differences between findings in youth and adults, including prodromal neurobiological features, along with some continuity across development.

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Section: Results: Neuroimaging Findings In Child and Adolescent Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results: Neuroimaging Findings In Child and Adolescent Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward dysfunctional connectivity: a review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder

Hulvershorn

Cullen

Anand

2011

Brain Imaging and Behavior

154

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is, however, important to mention that not all structural imaging studies have reported PFC changes in adolescent depression. For example, an earlier ROI-based study failed to observe a significant difference in OFC volume between depressed adolescents and controls (Chen et al 2008). These conflicting results might be due to methodological differences between the VBM and ROI-based approaches.…”

Section: Shad Et Almentioning

confidence: 90%

Gray Matter Differences Between Healthy and Depressed Adolescents: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Shad

Muddasani

Rao

2012

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently begins during adolescence and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the neurobiology of adolescent depression. A better understanding of the neurobiology will be helpful in developing more effective preventive and treatment interventions for this highly disabling illness. Methods: Using a voxel-based morphometric method, the study compared gray matter and white matter volumes in 22 adolescents with MDD and 22 age-and gender-matched normal controls. Results: Compared with controls, depressed adolescents had smaller gray matter volume in the frontal lobe and caudate nucleus bilaterally and right superior and middle temporal gyri. However, the groups did not differ significantly on white matter volume. Conclusions: These findings in depressed adolescents are consistent with the previous findings of gray matter abnormalities in frontolimbic areas and the striatum in depressed adults and suggest the presence of these structural changes at the onset of depressive illness.

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“…Specifically, OFC gray matter deficits are commonly observed in young adult and elderly patients with affective disorders (54-60) but not in firstepisode (72) or adolescent patients with affective disorders (73,74). A recent 2-y longitudinal study found that OFC gray matter volume reductions during adolescence were accelerated in bipolar patients compared with healthy subjects (75). In this study, the relative OFC gray matter volume loss in typical adolescents (0.33%/y) was increased 5-fold in bipolar patients (1.8%/y).…”

Section: Neuropathology In Affective Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

DHA Deficiency and Prefrontal Cortex Neuropathology in Recurrent Affective Disorders

McNamara¹

2010

The Journal of Nutrition

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Increasing evidence suggests that docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], the principal (n-3) fatty acid in brain gray matter, has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. Preliminary clinical evidence also suggests that the perinatal accrual, and the subsequent dietary maintenance of, cortical DHA is positively associated with cortical gray matter volumes. The pathophysiology of recurrent affective disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, is associated with (n-3) fatty acid deficiency, DHA deficits, impaired astrocyte mediated vascular coupling, neuronal shrinkage, and reductions in gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Preclinical studies have also observed neuronal shrinkage and indices of astrocyte pathology in the DHA-deficient rat brain. Together, this body of evidence supports the proposition that DHA deficiency increases vulnerability to neuronal atrophy in the PFC of patients with affective disorders. Because projections from the PFC modulate multiple limbic structures involved in affective regulation, this represents one plausible mechanism by which (n-3) fatty acid deficiency may increase vulnerability to recurrent affective disorders.

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Orbitofrontal Cortex Volumes in Medication Naïve Children with Major Depressive Disorder: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Abstract: The lack of OFC volume abnormalities in pediatric MDD patients suggests the abnormalities previously reported for adults may develop later in life as a result of neural cell loss.

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Toward dysfunctional connectivity: a review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder

Toward dysfunctional connectivity: a review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder

Gray Matter Differences Between Healthy and Depressed Adolescents: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

DHA Deficiency and Prefrontal Cortex Neuropathology in Recurrent Affective Disorders

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